Male and Female Reproductive System: Conditions and Cancers
Male Reproductive System: Conditions and Cancers
Hormones
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)—initiates spermatogenesis
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)—stimulates testosterone production
- Testosterone—maturation of sperm, sex characteristics, protein metabolism, muscle development
Cryptorchidism
Testis fails to descend into the scrotum properly. The reason for maldescent is not fully understood. 3% of full-term births; 30% of premature births.
- Ectopic testis: outside the scrotum
- Can cause degeneration of seminiferous
Medication Administration: Safe Practices and Principles
Hour Clock Conversions
- For the first hour of the day (12 Midnight to 12:59 AM), subtract 12 Hours
- Examples: 12 Midnight = 0:00, 12:35 AM = 0:35
- From 1:00 AM to 12:59 PM, no change
- Examples: 11:20 AM = 11:20, 12:30 PM = 12:30
- From 1:00 PM to 11:59 PM, add 12 Hours
- Examples: 4:45 PM = 16:45, 11:50 PM = 23:50
Definitions
- Pharmacology: A broad term that includes the study of drugs and their actions in the body
- Pharmacy: The art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs for medical use
- Drug: Any chemical
Social Security Benefits: Understanding Your Rights
Social Security: Concept
It is the public system by which the State guarantees adequate protection to people who are within its scope in contingencies that the Act provides (health, illness, disability, unemployment, retirement). There are two types:
- Contributory: Includes workers and their families that are included in one of the following groups:
- Employees
- Self-employed or autonomous workers
- Partners in production cooperatives
- Students
- Officials and foreign residents with a work permit
- Non-contributory:
Enema Procedures and Ostomy Care: A Comprehensive Overview
Enema Procedures
An enema is defined as the introduction of a solution into the rectum or the lower colon. The contents are drained by natural means or by artificial stimulation of intestinal peristalsis. Enemas are used to clean and remove solids or gas from the intestine, and to administer solutions to be retained.
According to their purpose, enemas can be classified as follows:
Ordinary Enemas
Ordinary enemas are solutions that are administered and expelled within 10 minutes. The expelled soap solution
Read MoreOrthodontic Treatment: Risks, Complications, and Side Effects
Orthodontic Treatment: Potential Risks and Complications
Orthodontic treatment offers recognized benefits, including improvements in dental health, function, appearance, and self-esteem. However, it also carries potential risks that can be dental, skeletal, medical, or psychological. Therefore, the decision to proceed with orthodontics requires a careful comparison of risks with potential benefits. It is crucial that all dentists, even those not performing orthodontic treatment, are aware of these
Read MoreKey Medications: Uses, Mechanisms, and Side Effects
Phenytoin
Definition
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant used to control seizures in epilepsy.
Mechanism of Action (MOA)
Phenytoin works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing the spread of seizure activity through the brain by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels.
Uses
- Generalized tonic-clonic seizures
- Partial seizures
- Status epilepticus
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)
Common side effects include gingival hyperplasia, ataxia, dizziness, and rash. Severe reactions may include blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity,
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