Fourth Amendment Search and Seizure: Threshold of Search and Probable Cause
CONSTITUTIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE SPRING 2017
THRESHOLD OF FOURTH AMENDMENT SEARCH
Fourth Amendment prohibits “unreasonable searches”
When is a search a “search” (constitutional)?
Some forms of police investigation do not qualify as a search and therefore fall outside the scope of constitutional regulation
Police conduct that is not a “search” cannot be “unreasonable search” and therefore cannot violate the constitution
Reasonable Expectation of Privacy (“REP”)
Katz v. United States:
Read MoreContracts of Sale, Consumer Rights, and VAT in the EU
Contracts of Sale
Other Contracts of Sale
Supply: A power company agrees to provide permanently or periodically to a client any product or service, paying a price for this amount or timing of the good or service.
Buying and selling in installments: The seller delivers to the buyer a thing, and the buyer undertakes to pay for it in installments over a period exceeding 3 months. The property is not complete for the buyer until they have paid in full.
Leasing: This is leasing with a purchase option whose
Read MoreThe American Political System: A Comprehensive Guide
Party System
A broad organization of U.S politics comprising of the two main parties: Republican and Democrats.
America has had 6 different party systems
Beginnings:
First Party System (1789-1828)- Two factions: Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists, Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party.
Rise:
Second Party System (1828-1860)- Democrats (Democrats evolved from the Democratic Republican party-during the Jacksonian era) and Whig Party/ Henry Clay’s American System (Henry Clay’s American
Read MoreTort Law: A Comprehensive Guide to Intentional Torts, Negligence, Strict Liability, and Defamation
1. Intentional Torts (including IIMD)
Prima Facie Case – In General
Construction Industry Roles and Responsibilities in Urban Development
Construction Industry Roles and Responsibilities
Promoter
- Decides, promotes, and finances construction projects
- Holds title to the building lot
- Facilitates documentation and information for project drafting
- Obtains building permits and insurance
- Delivers documentation of completed work
Designer
- Drafts the project design
- Holds an appropriate academic title (e.g., architect, engineer)
- Complies with established legislation
- Collaborates with the developer on partial aspects
Builder
- Executes the construction work
Sources of International Law: Treaties, Custom, and General Principles
General Principles of Law
This expression, used in the strict sense, refers to principles common to the legal systems of various states. Some are adaptable to the needs of the international legal order. Among these general principles of law, we can mention pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept). Another general principle of law is that no one can transfer more rights than they possess. Additionally, unlawfully caused harm should be fully repaired, and nobody can benefit from their own misconduct.
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