Special Deductions & Non-Deductible Expenses – Third Category Earnings

UNIT 9: LAWS

Special Deductions of the Third Category

Article 87

From the earnings of the third category, subject to the limitations of this law, the following will also be deducted:

  1. Costs and other expenses inherent to the business.
  2. Penalties and provisions against bad loans in amounts justified in accordance with industry customs. The General Tax Directorate may establish rules concerning how to make these penalties.
  3. Expenses of organization. The General Tax Directorate admitted his involvement to the
Read More

Special Deductions & Non-Deductible Expenses: A Guide to Category III Earnings

UNIT 9

LAWS

SPECIAL DEDUCTIONS OF THE THIRD CATEGORY

Article 87 – From the earnings of the third category and limitations of this law will also be deducted:

a) The costs and other expenses inherent to the business.

b) The penalties and provisions against bad loans in amounts justified in accordance with the customs of the industry. The General Tax Directorate may establish rules concerning how to make these penalties.

c) The expenses of organization. The General Tax Directorate admitted his involvement

Read More

The Modern State and the Struggle for Power

Chapter 13: The Modern State and the Struggle for Power

The Modern State and Its Legitimacy

Weber acknowledges the existence of a modern state with the following features:

  1. Administrative and legal, subject to change through legislation (legal order).
  2. Administrative apparatus that handles official business according to legislative regulation (bureaucracy).
  3. Legal authority over all people.
  4. Legitimacy for the use of force.

The legal rule is based on the idea of legitimacy. The laws are considered legitimate

Read More

Understanding Insurance Contracts: Types, Features, and Obligations

The Insurance Contract

An insurance contract, whether oral or written (typically referred to as a policy), is an agreement between two or more parties (individuals or legal entities). In this agreement, the insurer agrees to indemnify the insured for a covered loss in exchange for a premium. The policy outlines the terms and conditions of this agreement, including the limits of the insurer’s liability.

Features of the Insurance Contract

  • Written: Insurance contracts are typically formalized in a written
Read More

Employment Contract: A Comprehensive Guide

UNIT II: THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT

Labor and Employment

Employment Contract

Definition: An employment contract is an agreement where a worker performs work or provides a service to an employer under their direction, in exchange for payment.

Characteristics:

  • Consensual
  • Bilateral
  • Onerous
  • Commutative
  • Not solemn or formal

In the absence of a written or verbal agreement, the contract’s conditions are determined by labor laws, collective agreements, or local customs.

Essential Elements of an Employment Contract

A written

Read More

Employment Contract: A Comprehensive Guide

UNIT II: THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT

Labor and Employment

Employment Contract

Definition: An employment contract is an agreement where a worker performs work or provides services to an employer under their direction, in exchange for payment.

Characteristics:

  • Consensual
  • Bilateral
  • Onerous
  • Commutative
  • Not solemn or formal

In the absence of a written or verbal agreement, the contract’s conditions are determined by labor laws, collective agreements, or local customs.

Essential Elements of an Employment Contract

A written

Read More