Introduction to Law and Legal Concepts
Types of Standards
Standards are divided into legal, religious, and social. Law is further divided into:
Characteristics of Law
- Heteronomous: Created by a person other than the addressee of the norm. (e.g., One and one makes two).
- Bilateral: Imposes duties and confers powers. (e.g., Prohibited and permitted).
- Coercive: Enforceable by means of force in cases of violation.
- Externalized: Regulates external conduct; statutory duty is already established.
Right
The set of rules created by the legislature to
Read MoreCommercial Law: Key Concepts and Principles
Basic Concepts
- The economic concept of trade is the exchange of goods or services for profit. TRUE
- Commercial doctrine is the set of opinions of authors and writers of commercial law. TRUE
- A person convicted by a final sentence for the crime of forgery cannot conduct business. TRUE
- The electronic folio of each trader or partnership at the Public Registry of Commerce is their marriage record. TRUE
- The precedence of rights between two or more acts that refer to the same e-folio is determined by the control
National Security Zones Law
Strategic Assessment Center
Article 45.
The Strategic Assessment Center is responsible for tracking and ongoing assessment of the situation to produce timely alerts as necessary, having under its responsibility the operation of the Situation Room of the President of the Republic.
Strategic Policy Center
Article 46.
The Center for Strategic Policy is responsible for proposing to the Council of National Defense, through the Interagency Working Committees and Emergency Committees, policies and strategies
Read MoreLegal Theory of Crime: Evolution & Elements
Legal Theory of Crime
The purpose of the legal theory of crime is to systematize the elements that constitute an offense, regardless of whether a crime has actually occurred. The evolution of this theory has paralleled the philosophy of law, but its purpose is distinct. For students, it serves as criteria for identifying and describing what constitutes a crime. For lawmakers, it guides and influences their decisions, while case law uses it to implement the standard in specific cases.
Understanding
Read MoreJurisdiction and Amount in Dispute
Article 115. Determining the Amount of Matter
In civil cases, the amount of matter is determined by the value of the disputed thing. In criminal cases, it is determined by the sentence that the crime carries.
Article 116. Documents Supporting the Action
If the applicant provides documents that support their action and these documents determine the value of the disputed thing, the record of these documents will determine competence.
To determine the amount of foreign currency obligations, the actor may
Read MoreRights, Duties, and Status of Public Employees
Individual and Collective Rights
Public employees possess individual rights often exercised collectively, including:
- Participation
- Freedom of association
- Collective bargaining
- Strike meeting (in accordance with legal provisions)
Duties and Ethical Principles
Public employees are obligated to diligently perform assigned tasks, uphold general interests (subject to the Constitution and other legislation), and adhere to these ethical principles:
- Objectivity
- Integrity
- Neutrality
- Accountability
- Impartiality
- Confidentiality
- Commitment