Local Police Law 2/86: Guide to Security Boards, Firearms Use & More
Local Police Law 2/86
Local Boards of Security
Article 54 of Law 2/86: Municipalities with their own police force can establish a Local Board of Security to determine collaboration among security and police forces.
Constitution: Creation depends on the administrations involved and having their own police force. It’s done through an act signed by the government delegate and the mayor.
Composition: Chaired by the mayor, unless the government delegate attends, then shared. Heads of involved police forces
Read MoreFundamental Rights and Freedoms in Chile: A Comprehensive Guide
Fundamental Rights and Freedoms in Chile
City of Liberty
Freedom of Healthcare
This freedom, enshrined in Article 19, No. 9, allows individuals to choose between public or private healthcare systems, prohibiting the state from mandating adherence to either.
Freedom of Education
Distinct from the right to education, this freedom (Article 19, No. 9) grants individuals the right to establish and operate educational institutions, with the state prohibited from impeding these freedoms.
Freedom of Opinion and
Read MoreCriminological Ideas in Thomas More’s Utopia & Modern Criminal Policy
Criminological Ideas in Thomas More’s Utopia
Introduction
St. Thomas More, canonized in 1935, offered insightful criminological theories and criminal policy suggestions in his book Utopia. This work analyzes the real situation of England during his time by comparing it to the ideal society of Utopia—a fictional country where everyone lives in harmony, works productively, and enjoys satisfactory entertainment.
Criminological Ideas in Utopia
More’s criminological ideas can be categorized into two main
Read MoreCompany Structures and Growth Strategies: A Comprehensive Guide
Company Structures and Growth Strategies
Franchising
A franchise is an agreement where a franchisor grants a franchisee the right to market specific products or services in exchange for financial compensation.
Licensing
Licensing is when a company grants another the right to use a particular trademark or patent in exchange for a fee.
Subordination
Subordination occurs when a company charges another for a specific service or action.
Economic Interest Groupings (EIGs)
An EIG is a framework promoted by the
Read MoreUnlawful Conduct in Criminal Law: A Comprehensive Guide
Unlawful Conduct in Criminal Law
Definition of Unlawful Conduct
Unlawful conduct in criminal law refers to actions that violate established legal standards. While distinct from illegality, the two concepts are closely related, as unlawful conduct typically forms the basis of a crime, unless justification exists (e.g., self-defense).
Formal and Material Concepts of Unlawful Conduct
Formal Concept
Conduct prohibited by law or devalued without justification.
Material Concept
Injury or endangerment of a legal
Read MoreRoman Legal Remedies: A Guide to Doli, Metus, and Condictio
Roman Legal Remedies
Doli, Metus, and Condictio
Exceptio Doli
This exception allows defendants to object to the plaintiff’s claims if the plaintiff acted fraudulently. It aims to invalidate the plaintiff’s legal right when its exercise contradicts good faith.
Actio Doli
This action sought to annul fraudulent legal transactions and punish the perpetrator with a penalty while providing restitution to the victim. Considered a criminal action, it was granted only as a last resort and had to be brought
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