Justinian’s Code and Roman Law: A Historical Overview
Justinian and His Legislative Work
The Corpus Iuris Civilis is absolutely one of the crowning works of the human spirit. At the time of Justinian’s rise to power, the central idea was to restore the ancient unity and greatness of the empire through arms, religion, and law. To conduct a legal compilation completed in such a short space of time, he had a man named Tribonian. The collection consists of a code of laws and an institutional manual.
- Volume I contains the Institutions
- Volume II contains the
Classical and Positivist Criminology: Theories and Impacts
Classical Criminology and the Positivist Revolution
Classical Criminology Theory
Classical criminology theory can be summarized as follows:
- All individuals may commit crimes.
- There is a consensus on protecting private property and personal welfare.
- Individuals hold a contract with the state to preserve peace.
- Penalties should be used as a deterrent.
- Penalties should be proportional to the interests violated.
- Each person is responsible for their actions, and all are equal before the law.
Classical theory
Read MoreBusiness Entities: Types and Legal Structures
Types of Companies and Their Legal Forms
Individual Business
Sole Proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a business owned and run by one person, where there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business entity. A sole trader is an individual who engages in a trade, business, or profession. The owner must be of legal age and have full availability of their assets. There is no required minimum capital. The business name must be the holder’s name. Profits are taxed as personal income.
Private
Read MorePartnership, Arbitration, and Contract Law Essentials
What is a Partnership?
A partnership is a kind of business where a formal agreement between two or more people is made. These individuals agree to be the co-owners, distribute responsibilities for running an organization, and share the income or losses that the business generates.
Rights of a Partner
The following are the rights of a partner in a partnership firm:
- Right to Take Part in the Conduct of the Business: All the partners of a partnership firm have the right to take part in the business conducted
Understanding State Power and Constitutional Law
Stratified Political Organization and Power
Stratified political organization is dualistic, with two types of power: the King and the States General. Medieval nobility consisted of the clergy and the feudal state.
Concept Statement
Institutional political power organization of a national community.
State Composition
- Formal Elements: Law and political power. The law, as part of the state, is the normal mode that expresses political power.
- Budget Materials: People and territory. As an element of the state,
Debt Extinguishment: Compensation, Confusion, Remission, and More
Compensation
Compensation is the extinguishment of obligations that occurs when two people are both debtors and creditors to each other in their own right.
Effects of Compensation
- Extinguishes two debts by operation of law to the amount of the lesser debt (partial compensation).
- If both debts are equal, it completely extinguishes the legal bond and the obligation (total compensation).
- Extinguishes accessory obligations in the same proportion, including ancillary debt, interest expenses, and personal