Constitutional Reform and States of Emergency in Chile
Constitutional Reform Process in Chile
The process of reforming the Chilean Constitution involves specific steps and requirements, particularly regarding the role of the President and the Congress.
Presidential and Congressional Roles
1. Proposal of Reforms:
- The President can propose any constitutional reform without exception.
- Only Members of Congress can submit reform proposals to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
Quorum Requirements
2. Quorum for Approval:
- Generally, a 3/5 majority of the members
Public Finance Law: National and International Principles
National and International Law
International Law refers to the rules governing the financial relations between two or more sovereign states or between a sovereign state and a person associated with several sovereign states. National Law refers to the rules governing financial relations between a state and the people subject to it. It can be classified as constitutional or ordinary, referring to the standards set forth in the constitution or in common law.
Public Finance Law can be divided into multiple
Read MoreUS Government and Civics: Principles, Constitution, and Rights
Chapter 1: Foundations of Government
Types of Citizenship
- Public-Interested: Prioritizes public welfare (e.g., voting for societal benefits).
- Self-Interested: Maximizes personal gain (e.g., supporting self-beneficial tax cuts).
Politics vs. Government
- Government: Organizes and allocates authority.
- Politics: Gains and exercises control within government.
Types of Governments
- Authoritarian: Centralized power; people are “subjects” (e.g., North Korea).
- Non-Authoritarian: Citizen-driven; many freedoms (e.
Local Administration and Municipal Governance in Spain
LESSON 10: Local Administration and Municipal Governance in Spain
I. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION.
1. Constitutional Budgets. The study of local government must be based on constitutional regulation. This idea was obscured during the previous regime and the dictatorship of the 1920s, which had nonetheless laid the legislative foundations of Spanish local management in all matters not related to the approaches of political representation and empowerment of local corporations.
The constitutional regulation of
Read MoreCommercial Register: Registration, Impact, and Key Functions
Item 11: The Commercial Register (Important)
Concept, Characteristics, and Effects
- The Commercial Register is a public institution that records entries related to the most basic and general aspects of entrepreneurial activity. Its purpose is to protect those who rely on the entries in this list. The effectiveness of registration is what distinguishes it from other records.
- It has both formal and material publicity.
- Formal: It is public because the contents of its books can be accessed, either by certifying
Understanding Minor Contracts and Administrative Liability in Spain
Minor Contracts in Public Administration
Minor contracts are those for which there is, in principle, no formal procedure. Agility is prioritized in achieving government aims, granting a margin of confidence. Minor contracts may be applied to typical or nominee contracts, special contracts, mixed contracts, and private contracts.
Minor contracts are defined by their size, specifically an amount less than €50,000 for works contracts, or €18,000 for other contracts. While each contract will have
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