Spanish Constitutionalism: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Authorities
The Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Authorities of Spanish Constitutionalism
A) The Concept of Constitutionalism
Constitutionalism is a political movement that sought to establish the fundamental principles of political organization. The constitution emerged as a means to limit ruling power, regulate its activity, and guarantee the freedom of citizens. Its origin lies in the rationalist theories of natural justice from the late 18th century.
Principles: The existence of natural law, according
Constitutions and Courts: Understanding Their Roles
Constitutions: Key Features and Roles
Features
- Preamble: Outlines aspirations, principles, and purpose.
- Organizational Section: Defines powers and structure of institutions.
- Bill of Rights: Protects individual and group rights.
- Amendment Procedure: Describes how to revise the constitution.
Character
- Codified: A single, self-contained document.
- Example: The USA has one document written all at once as a result of gaining independence.
- Uncodified: Spread among several documents.
- Example: Great Britain uses a
US President’s Powers and Responsibilities: Article II
Chapter 13 – Exam 3 Review: Article II of the US Constitution
Purpose of Article II
- Article II of the Constitution defines the Executive Branch of the US Government.
President’s Expressed Powers
The President’s expressed powers, as outlined in the Constitution, include the following:
- Delivering a “State of the Union” report (message).
- Convening a special session of Congress.
- Receiving foreign ambassadors.
- Proposing legislation (necessary and expedient).
- Carrying out the laws passed by Congress.
War Powers:
Read MoreJoint Health and Safety Committee: Regulations and Operations
Supreme Decree 54: CPHS Constitution and Operation
Article 1: Every business, task, branch, or agency with more than 25 employees must organize a Joint Committee on Health and Safety (CPHS), composed of employer and employee representatives.
If a company has multiple tasks, branches, or agencies in the same or different locations, each must have its own CPHS.
Article 3: The CPHS shall consist of three employer representatives and three employee representatives. For each member, an alternate shall also
Read MoreMarital Status, Legal Unions, and Rights in the Republic
Marital Status and Legal Unions
Defining Marriage
In our country, marriage qualifies as a legal act. It implies voluntary action by both parties aimed at producing certain legal effects. Registering before the law is the union of two people (heterosexual or homosexual) who maintain an emotional and sexual bond to form a family and seek economic stability.
Dissolving a Marriage
A marriage can be dissolved through divorce. This can be decided by mutual agreement of the parties or by the decision of a
Read MoreSpanish Court System: Structure and Types of Judges
Spanish Courts: Structure and Composition
1. Classification Based on the Number of Owners
According to the Organic Law of the Judiciary (LOPJ), Spanish courts can be classified based on the number of individuals holding judicial authority:
- Individual Organs: These courts are presided over by a single judge. Examples include:
- Courts of First Instance
- Instruction Courts
- Juvenile Courts
- Courts of Violence Against Women
- Corporate Bodies: These courts, also known as collegiate bodies, are composed of multiple