Post-1936 Poetry: Trends, Authors, and Social Commentary
Poetry After 1936: A Literary Overview
From 1936 to 1939, both the Republican and Nationalist sides developed a literature of ideological propaganda. The poem became a weapon of struggle, praising those who were different, the dead comrade, or attacking the enemy. From a literary quality standpoint, this was rather low, though the figure of Miguel Hernández is noted. Since the Civil War, poetry can be divided into four stages:
- The 1940s: Classic poetry of nationalist fervor and evasion, alongside
Spanish Golden Age & Enlightenment Literature Highlights
Lope de Vega (1562-1635)
Founder of the ‘new comedy’, his works reflect this successful theatrical formula. His main characteristic is agility in action. Born in Madrid, he had a very intense life, with many love passions and great religious devotion. His works gave theatre great popularity.
Drama Types:
- Dramas of Unjust Power: Depict abuses by a nobleman in a rural area. In the end, the king dispenses justice, not favouring the villain. E.g., Fuenteovejuna.
- Swashbuckling Comedy (Comedia de Capa y Espada)
Postmodernism in Spanish Literature & The Latin American Boom
Postmodernism in Literature
Characteristics of Postmodernism
The postmodern aesthetic often rejects overarching ideologies, mixing distinct disciplines such as literature, movies, and music culture. It defends popular styles and involves the fusion of genres (e.g., incorporating elements from comics) and concise references. Relativism, favoring individual thinking, irony, and humor, are common features.
Postmodern Spanish Literature (Since 1975)
Postmodern Spanish Poetry
Key characteristics include:
- Focus
Miguel de Cervantes: Life, Works, and Literary Contributions
Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)
Born in Alcalá de Henares, Miguel de Cervantes studied in Seville. In 1569, he traveled to Italy and participated in military campaigns. At the Battle of Lepanto, he was wounded in his left hand. In 1575, he headed back to Spain and was captured by Barbary pirates. After five years of captivity in Algiers, he was rescued and was able to return. Installed in Madrid, he began his life as a writer. It is known that he swept Andalusia, where he served as commissioner
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Tema 8
Bilingualism is when one person dominates two or more languages equally.
Diglossia: when one person dominates two or more different languages, but understands one more than another.
Slang language variants are motivated by the context or situation. It is a special language of a distinct social group used by its speakers only within that group.
Stylistic varieties or registers are language variations based on the communicative situation in which they are used.
Factors defined in registration:
- Generality
- Degree
Epic Poetry: Archaic, Classical, and Roman National Epic
Epic Poetry: A Narrative in Verse
Epic poetry is a narrative in verse where the poet sings of the exploits of a hero. The earliest appearances of this genre were unwritten and expressed in festivals, military victories, banquets, and funerals.
The Archaic Epic
The first epic was Odussia by Livius Andronicus, a translation of Homer’s Odyssey. The metric is typical Latin, using Saturnian verse, of which about 50 verses are preserved.
Nevio is considered the first original epic poet. His poem, Bellum Punicum,
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