Spanish Literature from the 19th Century to the Post-Civil War Period
Theatre to the Civil War
1900
At the height of the genre that dominates the scene is the “genero chico”, while still performing works of authors of the previous century as Galdós and Echegaray. Emerging trends and authors related to modernism arose, and in this line began his career Jacinto Benavente. Initially attached to the Symbolist aesthetic, his first book, The Alien Nest, away from the grandeur of the theater of Echegaray, was praised by the young modernists.
But modernism finally stereotyped
Read MoreThe Generation of ’27: A Literary Constellation
Introduction
The Generation of ’27 was a group of Spanish poets, novelists, essayists, and playwrights who emerged in the 1920s. The group’s name derives from the year 1927, when several of its members participated in a tribute to the poet Luis de Góngora.
Members
The core members of the Generation of ’27 included:
- Jorge Guillén
- Pedro Salinas
- Rafael Alberti
- Federico García Lorca
- Dámaso Alonso
- Gerardo Diego
- Luis Cernuda
- Vicente Aleixandre
- Manuel Altolaguirre
- Emilio Prados
Other Notable Figures
In addition to
Read MoreSpanish Literature in the 18th Century: Enlightenment, Neoclassicism, and Preromanticism
Eighteenth-Century Spanish Literature
Introduction
The literary establishment of the 18th century did not achieve the brilliance of the previous century’s Baroque style, which continued to be imitated with great success. However, the influence of Enlightenment thinking and Neoclassicism signified the renewal of literary language and the rise of the essay. At the end of the century, pre-Romantic sensibility emerged in illustrated environments.
Periods
There are three distinct periods in 18th-century
Read MoreSpanish Literature in the 18th Century: Enlightenment, Neoclassicism, and Preromanticism
Eighteenth-Century Spanish Literature
Introduction
The literary establishment of the 18th century did not achieve the brilliance of the previous century’s Baroque style, which continued to be imitated with great success. However, the influence of Enlightenment thinking and Neoclassicism signified the renewal of literary language and the rise of the essay. At the end of the century, pre-Romantic sensibility emerged in illustrated environments.
Periods
There are three distinct periods in 18th-century
Read MoreLatin Grammar Basics
Declensions
Declension refers to the set of forms a word can take to express different syntactic functions.
1st Declension (Nominative in -a)
- Mostly feminine nouns, with some masculine exceptions (e.g., agricola, nauta, poeta).
- Some nouns have different forms in singular and plural (e.g., littera/ae).
2nd Declension (Nominative in -us, -er, -um)
- -us: Mostly masculine nouns, with some feminine exceptions (e.g., tree names, city names).
- Three neuter nouns: pelagus, vulgus, virus.
- -er: Always masculine.
- -um:
Latin Grammar and Linguistics Overview
Latin Grammar
Cases and Their Functions
Latin nouns have six cases, each with specific functions:
- Nominative: Subject, attribute
- Vocative: Interpellation
- Accusative: Direct object
- Genitive: Possession, association
- Dative: Indirect object
- Ablative: Circumstance, manner, means
Declensions
Latin nouns are grouped into five declensions based on their endings and grammatical gender. Each declension has a specific set of endings for singular and plural forms in each case.
Examples:
- 1st Declension: -a, -ae (feminine)