Generation of ’98: Spanish Literature & Existentialism

Generation of ’98

The Concept of Literary Generation Applied to ’98

Literary generations are defined by certain conditions:

  1. Birth Years Close Together: The age difference between the oldest and youngest authors of the Generation of ’98 is only eleven years: Miguel de Unamuno was born in 1864 and Antonio Machado in 1875.
  2. Similar Cultural Training: The authors of ’98 pursued diverse studies, from Medicine (Baroja) to Philosophy (Unamuno) and Law (Azorín). However, they didn’t prioritize formal education,
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A Hundred Years of Solitude: Chapter Summaries and Analysis

1. Chapter


Macondo was a village of José Arcadio Buendía, a resident with great imagination, married Ursula Iguarán, who used to buy inventions to Melquiades, the ringleader of a group of Gypsies who appeared once a year novelty gadgets. Among the items he bought were a magnet to search for gold , a magnifying glass to which he intended to give military applications, maps and navigational instruments Portuguese. Most of his experiments were frustrated as a result undertook an expedition to meet

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Baroque Prose in 17th Century Spain

Baroque Prose

2. Lope de Vega

In addition to his very extensive and lyrical drama, Lope also left an important production in prose fiction: The Arcadia, a pastoral novel, The Pilgrim in his Homeland, a Byzantine novel, and Marcia Leonarda, four stories in which the model mimics the Exemplary Novels of Cervantes. La Dorotea, his best novel, follows the style of La Celestina.

3. The Picaresque Novel: Mateo Alemán

Half a century separates Lazarillo de Tormes, the first manifestation of the picaresque

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A Comparative Study of Medieval Lyric Poetry: From Provençal Troubadours to Castilian Cancioneros

Medieval Lyric Poetry: A Comparative Overview

Provençal Lyric Poetry (12th-13th Centuries)

Originating in 12th-century Provence, troubadour poetry reached Catalonia in the 13th century, leaving behind a legacy of nearly 100 songbooks. This lyric poetry, crafted by known authors, employed a refined and standardized language. Troubadours, often accompanied by minstrels (juglares), composed and performed their works, adhering to strict rules of versification and rhyme.

Types of Provençal Poetry

Two primary

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A Comprehensive Guide to Spanish Literary History

Socio-cultural-historical Literary Discourse

1. The Middle Ages

Features:

  • Works were manuscript preserved, incomplete, lost, or anonymous.
  • Literature was transmitted orally (people were largely illiterate).
  • Monks were primarily responsible for transcribing texts, resulting in a predominantly theocentric focus in literature.
  • Genres did not adhere to classical models.
  • War was a frequent theme, and in the 15th century, many works centered around death (e.g., Jorge Manrique’s “Couplets to the Death of His
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Catalan Literature: From Ramon Llull to the Golden Age

The Rise of Catalan Literature

Ramon Llull and the Royal Council

During the second half of the thirteenth century, Ramon Llull established Catalan as a language suitable for literary creation and scientific discourse. His extensive use of Catalan in his works helped elevate its status, placing it on par with other Romance languages in terms of its presence in all areas of intellectual discourse. Until that time, most scholarly work was written in Latin.

The modernization efforts of Ramon Llull were

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