20th Century Spanish Narrative and Theater
Narrative in the First Half of the 20th Century
The crisis of 1898 necessitates an approach to existential issues. “He leaves the writers iflujo realistic”.
Currents
End of the Century (Modernism and Generation of ’98)
- Breaks with realism and naturalism
- Intimate, lyrical perspective
- Introduces structural innovations, including monologues
- Uses careful lexicon
Authors: Azorín, Baroja, Unamuno, etc.
1914 (Novecentismo or Generation of ’14)
- Intellectualism and formal restoration
- Influence of Ortega y Gasset and
The Evolution of the Latin American and Spanish Novel: From Realism to the Boom
1. Pre-20th Century Realism and Regionalism
The novel, a relatively recent genre, emerged in Latin America with the 1816 publication of El Periquillo Sarmiento by Mexican author José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi. This groundbreaking work paved the way for romantic novels like María by Colombian Jorge Isaacs and Amalia by Argentine José Mármol, both of which showcased the allure of Hispanic nature. The modernist movement further shaped the novel, leading to two distinct trends: one focused on
Read MoreA Literary Journey Through Medieval and Renaissance Spain
X-XI: LYRIC
Jarcha Mozarabic:
Mozarabic love poems, often featuring a female lament. They are characterized by their short and simple structure.
XII: LYRIC
Cantigas de Amigo:
Galician-Portuguese love poems, typically featuring a female lament and brief references to nature.
Carols Castilian:
These carols share themes with jarchas and ballads (often love). They are characterized by their simple composition and use of a chorus.
Courtly Love:
A literary concept popular in medieval Europe, courtly love describes
Read MoreIntroduction to Literary Genres
Literary Texts and Communication
Literary texts utilize various diaphasic indications within their composition. A fundamental concept is that literature serves as a distinct form of communication. Consequently, its characteristics, in terms of the communication process, are as follows:
- Issuer: This is the author, possessing an individual character. The primary functions of literary texts are expressive, referential, and poetic.
- Receiver: This is multiple, indeterminate, and universal. The receiver’
A Literary Journey Through Medieval and Renaissance Spain
ITEM 12: An Estate Society
In the early centuries of the Middle Ages, a feudal system was imposed in which kings held limited power. Society was divided into three tiers:
- The oratores (“those who pray”), representing the clergy.
- The bellatores (“warriors”), comprising the nobility.
- The laboratores (“those who work”), constituting the third estate or commoners, which encompassed the rest of the population.
ITEM 13: Poetry of the 13th and 14th Centuries: Mester de Clerecía
Mester de Clerecía refers to
Read MoreCatalan Literature: Romanticism to Modernism
Catalan Literature: From Romanticism to Modernism
Romanticism (late 18th – mid 19th century)
Context:
- Emerged as a reaction against Neoclassicism.
- Influenced by the French Revolution (1789-1792).
- Championed freedom, individualism, emotion, and imagination.
Characteristics:
- Rejection of rigid rules in art.
- Emphasis on passion, feeling, and subjectivity.
- Exaltation of nature and the individual.
- Interest in the Middle Ages and national identity.
The Catalan Renaissance (mid 19th century)
Beginnings:
- Marked by the