13th-15th Century Spanish Literature
13th Century
Mester of Clergy
The mester de clerecía of the 13th century, initiated by Gonzalo de Berceo, employed didactic narratives that blended learned traditions with popular minstrel resources. These narratives, written in Romance by learned authors known as clerics, had a moral and didactic purpose. They used the cuaderna vía stanza, incorporating minstrel expressions and combining themes of cultured and folk traditions.
Gonzalo de Berceo: The first known Spanish author, Gonzalo de Berceo,
Read More20th Century Spanish Theater
Commercial Theater
General Trends and Relevant Authors
a) High Comedy
High comedy offers a mild critique of bourgeois moral conflicts, featuring luxurious settings and careful language. Its leader was Jacinto Benavente, Nobel laureate in 1922. His best-known works include Vested Interests, The Unloved, and The Butterfly Flew Over the Sea.
b) Poetic Drama
This mixed-romantic, historical drama uses modern language. Prominent writers include Francisco Villaespesa (Doña María de Padilla), Eduardo Marquina
Read MorePre-Modernism in Brazilian Literature: A Bridge to Modernism
Pre-Modernism
Introduction
Pre-Modernism in Brazil (1902-1922) wasn’t a formal literary school, but a transitional phase bridging the gap between established movements like Realism, Naturalism, Parnassianism, and Symbolism, and the upcoming Modernism. It culminated with the Week of Modern Art in 1922.
What was Pre-Modernism?
Pre-Modernism, also known as the syncretic period, encompassed the first two decades of the 20th century. It wasn’t an organized movement, but a period of diverse literary production.
Read MoreGeneration of ’27: Key Spanish Poets and Their Works
Generation of ’27: An Overview
Key Poets and Their Contributions
Pedro Salinas
Born in Madrid, Salinas taught literature at various universities. Influenced by Juan Ramón Jiménez, he cultivated pure poetry, seeking the essence of things with intellectualized yet deceptively simple verse. His work is categorized into three stages:
- A blend of pure poetry and futuristic themes (e.g., light bulbs, automobiles), including works like Omens, Insurance, and Fabula and Random Sign.
- His most significant period,
Generational Bridge: From ’98 to ’27
Generation of 1914: Bridging ’98 and ’27
Between the Generation of ’98 and the Generation of ’27, a group of writers emerged between 1910 and 1914, known as the Novecentistas. These philosophers, historians, and writers aimed to aesthetically renew the literature and art of the period with a more modern style, encompassing various aspects of knowledge.
Key characteristics of this movement include social and political reforms, reflecting its cosmopolitan nature, and the feeling of Spain as part of
19th and 20th Century Spanish Literature: From Post-Romanticism to the Avant-Garde
Tema3.La literature of the second half of the nineteenth century. The posromanticismo and realism
1.Contexto:
It strengthens the system of capitalist production.
Diffuse own nationalist ideas of romanticism. At that time the States were born in the modern sense, with a central government, a unified law and a common fiscal system throughout the country. They developed the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, whose fighting was continuing. And get the second industrial revolution, while control methods