Causes of the Russian Revolution and the Global Economic Crisis
Why was there a revolution in Russia?
A: AN AUTOCRATIC EMPIRE: In the early 20th century, the tsars ruled a vast empire where the system of absolute monarchy continued. Politically, tsarism was an autocracy. The tsar had absolute power: he ruled by decree, was not subject to any constitution and did not have to answer to a parliament. A loyal bureaucracy and a powerful army controlled the empire, while the Orthodox Church was one of the great ideological pillars of the regime.
B: FEUDAL AGRICULTURE
Read MoreCanadian History: War of 1812, Confederation, and Immigration
Alexander Macomb: American Land Commander
Alexander Macomb was an American land commander during the Plattsburg Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814 in Belgium. The peace settlement ended the war and restored territory and relations with Britain to prewar status. The Battle of New Orleans in January 1815 halted America’s westward expansion and control of the Mississippi River. It was a victory for the Americans, led by Andrew Jackson, and poorly executed by the British. Lord Castlereagh, the British
Read MoreBasque Nationalism and the Labour Movement in the 19th Century
Labour movement has always been related to Nationalism in the Basque country.
In Bizkaia the industrialization process of the 19th century carried a massive influx of immigrants from other parts of Spain. These workers had very poor working and living conditions, which resulted in labor protests and movements, when the feeling of nationalism was emerging.
1.The Basque Pluralism in the Restoration Period
Catalonia was the only industrialized territory in the 1840’s in Spain. The 1869 Constitution allowed
Read MoreThe Cold War: Ideologies, Conflicts, and the End of an Era
CONCEPT: The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union
IDEOLOGIES: The Western Bloc was capitalist while the Eastern Bloc was communist.
WHEN IT HAPPENED: It started in 1947 with the Truman Doctrine and ended in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
WHY THAT NAME: The term cold war is used because there was NO large-scale fighting
HOW: The struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda
Read MoreCreating Collective Identity in French Revolution & Nationalism
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
. Answer:
- The ideas of ‘La Patrie’ (the fatherland) and ‘Le Citoyen’ (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
- A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.
- New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation.
- A centralised administrative system
Spanish Civil War: Causes, Phases, and International Dimensions
The Civil War
The Civil War: Military uprising/The outbreak /Phases and evolution in both areas//Causes :Two theories: The war as a consequence of a fascist intervention( liberals and left parties) /The war as a defense of a segment of the Spanish society in order to protect the religion and to stop the advance of communism (conservative historians) /Democracy against Fascism/Nationalism against communism//The republic at war: -Azaña, overwhelmed by the coup, appointed José Giral as head of the
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