20th Century American History Glossary: Terms, Events, and Figures
Great Migration
This event was the movement of six million African Americans out of the rural South to the urban North and West from the 1920s to the 1970s. It led to the growth of urban populations of African-Americans and increased racism in the North.
Mass Media
This type of culture was revolutionized twice during this period. The first time was the result of the invention and spread of commercial radio. The second was the result of the invention and spread of television.
Unemployment
This was a major
Read MoreCauses and Consequences of World War I: A Global Conflict
World War I: Main Causes
Rivalry Among Colonial Powers
Rivalry among colonial powers (they wanted to control as many colonial empires as possible).
Germany, who had control over few colonies, wanted to prevail over France and Great Britain.
Nationalist Exaltation
It provoked confrontation between Germany and France (which was caused by the loss of Alsace and Lorena after the Franco-Prussian war in 1871 which benefited Germany). The war between Germany and Great Britain (cause: to have control over the
Read MoreThe Ancient Régime and the French Revolution
THE ANCIEN RÉGIME
The ancient régime was the principal economic, social, and political system in Europe in the 18th century. It had different characteristics:
- Stratified society: Nobility, Clergy, and Ordinary people.
- Manorial and agrarian economy.
- Absolute monarchy.
The society was divided by traditional law into three estates:
- Nobility were privileged.
- Clergy were privileged.
- Ordinary people that belonged to the third state and included the rural peasants, urban working class, and bourgeoisie.
The nobility
Read MoreDecolonization: Causes, Phases, and Impact on Asia, Africa, and Oceania
Decolonization
Decolonization refers to the political independence of most of the territories that made up the colonial empires. This process began in 1945 when many political changes were taking place.
Causes
- Weakening of Colonial Power: After World War II, people in the colonies became aware that the colonial powers were not invincible. As a result, popular leaders emerged who played decisive roles in the process of independence. Financially, the colonies were expensive to run, and the cost to the
Decolonization and the Rise of the Third World
Decolonization
Decolonization refers to the political independence of formal colonial territories. This process began in 1945 when many political changes were taking place.
The Causes of Decolonization
- Weakening of colonial powers: After World War II, colonies realized colonial powers were not invincible. The colonies had contributed to the war with natural resources and troops. It also served them as military training. This led to the emergence of influential leaders pushing for independence.
- Favorable
Joaquín Costa’s Critique of the Restoration Settlement
The author of this chapter is Joaquín Costa, one of the main representatives of the Regeneracionismo movement. Regeneracionismo was a movement that sought to change politics in Spain, not by introducing new changes but by changing the government from its structure. That is, they did not oppose the continuation of the party system, for example. However, they were very critical of the lack of democracy in the system. The subject of this text is Costa’s critique of the Restoration Settlement. The
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