Spanish Politics in the 19th Century
1. Primary Historical Source
This text is considered a primary historical source because it refers to the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The Constitution is a legal text that establishes a set of ideas, principles, and values upon which subsequent legislation is based. It is a fundamental text from a regulatory point of view, as it outlines the structure of the state and the legal norms that govern it.
2. The Constitution of 1837
The progressive government convened a court to write the Constitution
Read MoreThe Reign of Charles IV and the Spanish Crisis
1. The Reign of Charles IV and the Decline of the Monarchy
Charles IV’s reign was marked by the influence of Manuel Godoy, a young military officer who gained the absolute trust of the monarch. This appointment reflected the distrust Charles IV had towards the nobility and his desire to find someone he could rely on. During this time, Spain’s politics were subordinated to the interests of France. The rise of Napoleon put Spain in a difficult position, hesitant to confront the French emperor. Spain’
Read MoreVisigothic Law & Roman-Canonic Common Law
A) The Palatine Office (Oficium Palatinum)
Around the Visigoth king, there was a group of individuals called the Oficium Palatinum who performed both public and private functions. The Oficium Palatinum consisted of a series of palatine counts (comites palatini) acting as agents of the monarch, by royal delegation of power, who took care of palace government and the organization of court life.
- Comes cubiculii: Responsible for the royal chamber.
- Comes scanciarum: Managed the palace provisions.
- Comes notariorum:
The Franco Regime: Transformation and Opposition in Spain
The Franco Regime: Two Eras
1939-1959: Post-War and Totalitarianism
This period saw attempts to establish a totalitarian state modeled on fascism, coupled with economic autarky.
1959-1975: Economic Development and Social Transformation
International and domestic circumstances led to a developmental stage and attempts to institutionalize the regime.
Consolidation of the Franco Dictatorship
A Totalitarian Regime
- Concentration of powers
- Rejection of the democratic system
- Single party rule
- Dictatorship
- Fundamental
Masterpieces of Classical Greek Art and Architecture
Classical Greek Masterpieces: Architecture and Art
The Parthenon
Chronology
447-432 BC
Style
Classic Greek style, built by Phidias, Iktinos, and Callicrates (supervisor).
Materials
Pentelic marble and wood.
Building System
Arquitrabe.
The Parthenon’s predecessors include an initial temple that was never finished and was replaced by the current construction. This structure, built on a human scale, predominantly features straight lines, as implied by the arquitrabe construction. Greek architecture took inspiration
Read MoreThe Spanish Empire and its Decline in the 17th and 18th Centuries
T-11: The Decline of the Spanish Empire in the Late 19th Century
In the second half of the 19th century, the only remaining territories of the Spanish colonial empire were Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and some Pacific islands. Cuba and Puerto Rico had an economy based on sugar cane harvesting, which contributed to a continuous flow of money to Spain. However, high taxes were imposed on Creoles, who were obligated to pay the Spanish government. This money was not reinvested in the islands’
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