The Industrial Revolution in Britain (1700-1914)
Introduction
The Industrial Revolution in Britain began in the countryside between 1700 and 1914. Several factors contributed to this, including the inheritance of skilled iron makers, available investment capital, access to power sources like water and coal, and a strong emphasis on science and engineering education. These factors led to a population increase and a migration of people from rural areas to cities in search of employment.
Key People
- Abraham Darby: Developed furnaces that produced pig
17th Century Habsburg Spain: Government, Conflicts, and Decline
The 17th Century Habsburgs: Government and Internal Conflicts
The Last Habsburg Monarchs
The 17th century saw the reigns of the last three Habsburg monarchs: Philip III (1598-1621), Philip IV (1621-1665), and Charles II (1665-1700). The monarchy exercised absolute political power, concentrating authority in the hands of the sovereign and marginalizing medieval institutions like the Cortes (parliament) or municipalities.
The Role of the Validos
The kings, however, delegated their governing power to validos,
Read MoreKey Figures of the Spanish Second Republic and Civil War
Early 20th Century Figures
- Verdaguer, Aribau, Guimerá: Participated in the Floral Games, a literary contest that revived medieval Catalan culture.
- Torras i Bages: Bishop of Vic, who influenced the shift towards Catalan nationalism in the late 19th century.
- Cánovas del Castillo: After the 1874 proclamation of Alfonso XII as king, he designed the system of the Restoration.
- Valentí Almirall: Wrote the Memorial of Grievances, initiating the Catalanist political movement.
- Prat de la Riba: Led the Regionalist
The Reign of Ferdinand VII: Absolutism and Liberalism in Spain (1814-1833)
1. The Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814)
1.1. The Events of Bayonne
The situation in Spain in March 1808 was unprecedented. Fernando VII was titled King after the Aranjuez riot, which deposed his father, Carlos IV. Napoleon, whose forces had entered the Peninsula thanks to the Treaty of Fontainebleau to attack Portugal, became the arbiter of the dispute. Attracted to Bayonne, Carlos IV and Fernando relinquished to Napoleon the right to dispose of the crown, which he gave to his brother, Joseph
Read MoreThe Cathedral of Santa Ana: A Gothic Gem in Las Palmas
The Cathedral of Santa Ana
Inside the Cathedral of the Palms
Inside the Cathedral of the Palms, also known as the Cathedral of Santa Ana, has three longitudinal naves. The central nave is wider than the aisles and is lined with thirteen independent chapels. It has a Latin cross plan with a transept and a dome (cimborrio) crowning the crossing. At the end of the nave is the main chapel, which houses the altar and the choir. The choir features neoclassical forms, characteristic of the time when this
Read MoreMedieval Spain Glossary
F
Fernando Catholic I
King of Aragon (1479-1516) and King of Castile (1474-1504), married Elizabeth I of Castile.
Flamboyant
A period in Gothic architecture characterized by slenderness, multiplied ornamental elements, and complex vaults.
Fifth Real
A tax on the extraction of precious metals, a portion of which was reserved for the Castilian crown.
G
Gadir
The first Phoenician colony established in Spain.
Gil de Silo
Author of the tombs of the Charterhouse of Miraflores in Burgos.
Gothic
Architectural style
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