The Spanish Crisis of 1917: A Turning Point
The Spanish Crisis of 1917
Overview
The crisis of 1917 unfolded in three major movements that converged with the goal of overthrowing the government. The protagonists were:
- Military members
- Workers
The Military Movement
A vindictive military movement arose, unhappy with the privileges of officers serving in Morocco (promotions, salary). Juntas emerged demanding improvements, causing the fall of the Liberal government of Garcia Prieto and the rise of the conservative Eduardo Dato. The government eventually
Read MoreAnalysis of Article 6 of the Organic Law of the State (1967)
Article 6 of the Organic Law of the State (1967)
Introduction
This fragment analyzes Article 6 of the Organic Law of the State, a historical text-policy legislation presented by Franco to Parliament on November 22, 1966. It was approved unanimously and enthusiastically by Franco’s supporters. This Law was submitted to a national referendum on December 14th, after a campaign in its favor orchestrated by the Franco regime. The referendum vote was influenced by economic sanctions against abstentionists.
Read MoreThe Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages: Muslim Conquest to Taifa Kingdoms
The Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages: The Muslim Conquest and Invaders
In 711, Islamized Arab and Berber groups entered the Iberian Peninsula. They eliminated the Visigoth kingdom, laid the foundations for new economic and social structures, and named the territory Al-Andalus.
In April 711, a Berber army under the command of Tarik, a lieutenant of the Arab governor Musa, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar. Two months later, at the Battle of Guadalete, they defeated Don Rodrigo (Visigoth king). Three
Read MorePrimo de Rivera’s Dictatorship in Spain (1923-1930)
The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923-1930)
4.1. The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
Primo de Rivera’s coup of September 13, 1923, had the connivance of the King and the enthusiastic support of employers’ organizations and the extreme right.
A Fascist Regime: The Military Directory (1923-1925)
The Military Directory was proposed as a temporary solution that declared war on the state of the country. The new regime suspended the constitution and prohibited political parties and unions, and dismissed
Read MoreThe Second Spanish Republic: A Tumultuous Era
The Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939)
1934: Political Upheaval
In 1934, the dismissal of three CEDA ministers triggered a revolutionary movement supported by the Generalitat, the PCE, and the CNT. A political general strike erupted in major cities, and Lluís Companys declared “the Catalan State within the Spanish Federal Republic.” As a consequence, Companys was imprisoned, and Catalonia’s autonomy was suspended. A significant revolt also took place in Asturias.
Consequences of the Revolution:
- The
The Spanish Second Republic (1931-1939)
1. Proclamation of the Republic
The 1931 municipal elections saw a significant victory for Spanish Republican candidates in major cities, demonstrating a clear rejection of the monarchy and a desire to establish a Republic. Following these elections, the Republic was proclaimed in Eibar and many other cities, accompanied by peaceful demonstrations of citizen support. King Alfonso XIII relinquished royal power and went into exile on the same day, April 14th.
The Interim Government
Representatives of
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