The Spanish Restoration: Political System 1874-1895
The Political System of the Spanish Restoration (1874-1895)
The Foundations of the Restoration
The pronouncement of General Martinez Campos in December 1874 meant the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in the person of Isabel II’s son, Alfonso XII. The new political system, configured by Antonio Canovas del Castillo, had a distinctly conservative character and was based on a liberal parliamentary system, but with a barely functioning democracy. Its objectives were focused on the recovery of power
Read MoreNapoleonic Era to WWI: A Historical Timeline
The Napoleonic Empire
1799: Napoleon, during the period of the Consulate, solidifies the conquests of the bourgeois revolution and enacts:
- Administrative reform
- Centralization of finances and the education system
- A new Civil Code
1804: He is crowned Emperor, defeats absolute monarchs, and conquers much of Europe.
1811: His empire extends from Germany to Italy, but Great Britain remains his rival. He places family members or his generals on thrones, disseminating revolutionary ideas. While seen as a liberator
Read MoreThe Spanish Civil War: Causes, Conflicts, and Consequences
The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
The Outbreak of the Civil War
The opposition of much of the conservative Spanish political class to the democratization and social reforms of the Second Republic led to a coup, which began on July 17, 1936.
Coup of the Civil War
On July 17, 1936, in Melilla, Colonel Yagüe, commander of the legion, took up arms against the Republic. The uprising quickly spread to the rest of the Moroccan protectorate. Most of the military garrisons in the rest of Spain joined the coup,
Read MorePrimo de Rivera’s Dictatorship and the Path to Spain’s Second Republic
The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
The military coup of Primo de Rivera on September 12, 1923, was due to several reasons:
The Aftermath of the Annual Disaster: The army demanded more resources to avenge the humiliation, which the government was unwilling to provide. The dissolution of the Juntas de Defensa in 1922 and the Picasso Report caused the rejection of the military and conservative groups in Congress.
The Rise of Nationalism: Nationalism in Catalonia and the Basque Country was viewed with
Understanding State Formation and its Essential Elements
Item 2: Forms of Power
The emergence of the modern state (15th century) is a significant structure in history. The modern state was characterized by absolute monarchy, among other features. In addition, the modern state is determined by the community, territory, and power (absolute power. Later, doctrines emerged questioning why one should obey this power). Therefore, discussions of the state began in the 15th century with Machiavelli. Before that, communities were organized politically and are called
Read MoreArgentina’s Political Turmoil: 1928-1938
Conservative Reconstruction and Yrigoyen’s Return
In 1928, Hipólito Yrigoyen returned to the presidency with 57% of the vote, defeating the opposition groups Melo-Gallo (anti-personalist radical and conservative) and Bravo-Repetto (socialist). The pre-election climate showed novel features: conservatives were determined to prevent Yrigoyen’s return, and media outlets like La Nación, La Prensa, and Crítica also opposed him.
Yrigoyen’s Unstable Second Government
One of the features of the new cabinet
Read More