Fagus Factory: Walter Gropius & Adolf Meyer’s Modernist Design

Fagus Factory and Adolf Meyer: Walter Gropius’s Masterpiece

Classification of the Work

The Fagus Factory is a complex of industrial architectural modules of several different volumes bound together as a single unit. It combines traditional materials, such as brick, with new building materials, such as glass. Using these new materials allowed for free architectural work. Principles that hitherto prevailed in building construction changed, and the balance shifted. The walls no longer had a load-bearing

Read More

Germany’s Post-WWII Foreign Policy and EU Role

Germany’s European Policy and International Relations

There are also public broadcasters related to the Länder. In terms of programming, a trend toward frivoling their own variety programs is verified, due to competition with private broadcasters. This is detrimental mainly to political and cultural content, aggravating communication problems that political parties and other social organizations have.

Germany’s European Policy and International Relations Post-1945

That the Federal Republic of Germany

Read More

Spanish Civil War: From the Second Republic to Franco’s Victory

**The Second Spanish Republic: Revolution of 1934**

The measures taken by the government generated great indignation on the left, which convened numerous protests and strikes. Their positions radicalized with the entry into the government of three CEDA ministers. This was construed by the left as the surrender of the Republic to those who wanted to destroy it. A general revolutionary strike was called. The revolutionary movement was defeated everywhere except in Asturias, where a working alliance

Read More

Ferdinand VII’s Reign: Absolutism and Liberalism in Spain

Absolutist Sexenio (1814-1820)

When Ferdinand VII entered Spain on March 24, 1814, the nation hailed him as the Desired. Many believed that with the king’s return, things would revert to their previous state. A significant portion of the nobility presented a letter to Ferdinand VII, the Manifesto of the Persians (Valencia, April 12, 1814), requesting the restoration of the Old Regime.

Seeing this support, the king signed a decree on May 4, 1814, repealing all the legislative work of the Cortes of

Read More

Finance Capitalism, Imperialism, and Turn-of-the-Century Society

Finance Capitalism

In late 19th century Europe, a new system known as finance capitalism was established.

Changes and Innovations

There were changes in energy, technology, finance, and investment, and innovations in new industries and business structures.

Energy

New sources of energy were discovered:

ELECTRICITY
  • 1867 Bergès -> hydroelectrical generator
  • 1879 Edison -> electric light bulb
OIL

Innovations to refine oil and to produce new fuels such as kerosene and petrol.

Important invention of the petrol-

Read More

National Monarchies Rise: Power, Law, and Nation Building

The Growth of National Monarchies

Feudalism didn’t meet the needs of growing nations. In the Middle Ages, strong national governments were unknown. A nation is a group of people occupying the same country, under the same government, and usually speaking the same language. It has a central government that can defend itself against enemies and keep order. The people are differentiated from other countries’ peoples by language, religion, traditions, and ways of life. The people within a nation are

Read More