Basque Country War: Key Battles, Tactics, and Aftermath
War in the Basque Country
The War in the Basque Country was a short conflict, lasting eleven months, from July 18, 1936, to July 2 of the following year. General Mola initiated the war on July 18 in Navarre. The Carlist Requetés quickly helped control the territory. The Bank was the only examination center where staff remained. The conflict extended north of Pamplona towards Gipuzkoa.
Gipuzkoa War
The committees and the Board of Public Defense led war parties and movements at the front. There was
Read MoreSocial Movements: Socialism, Marxism, Anarchism & Labor Movements
Social Movements: Farm Worker Discontent
The farm worker discontent manifested in two ways:
- The Pensadores ideologies of socialists and anarchists tried to rebuild the social harmony and solidarity of the community destroyed by the injustice of capitalist society.
- A broad political-social movement where workers organized and created projects to improve their situation.
Socialism
Socialist ideologies agree on the following:
- Progress is a force that leads to the overcoming of capitalism.
- Social equality
International Impact on the Spanish Civil War
The International Dimension of the Conflict
The war forced the great powers to take individual positions, but also a common position known as an intervention. In addition, there is the ideological debate which affected both the public and intellectuals from around the world.
The Individual Actions of the Powers
The Support of the Rebels
Direct opposition of the powers was an absolutely critical aspect in the evolution of the civil war due to the intervention of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany for the
Read MoreAncient Civilizations: From Prehistory to the Middle Ages
Prehistoric Societies
The oldest fossils discovered so far, dating back 4.5 million years, were found in Africa. Cultural characteristics of prehistoric societies, prior to the invention of writing, did not emerge simultaneously across all societies. This suggests that some societies were still unfamiliar with writing even as others developed it.
Ancient Civilizations
Examples of ancient civilizations include the Mesopotamian societies, such as the Babylonians, the ancient Egyptians, the ancient Greeks,
Read MoreBritish History: From Roman Empire to the Stuart Dynasty
Language and Culture
Fall of the Roman Empire
In the late 4th century, under Constantine, the Western Roman Empire fell apart after nearly a 500-year run as the world’s greatest superpower. Many factors contributed to this decline, but most historians agree that a combination of factors such as Christianity, decadence, lead, monetary trouble, and military problems caused the fall of Rome.
The fate of Western Rome was partially sealed in the late third century when the Emperor divided the Empire into
Read MoreNavarre’s Institutions and Conflicts with the Spanish Monarchy
Institutions of the Kingdom of Navarre
In the Kingdom of Navarre, the central institution was the King or Viceroy. The King held military functions, administrative duties, and the appointment of officials.
The Courts
The Courts handled taxes and laws. The Supreme Court addressed claims against Navarrese charters (contrafueros). The Courts were composed of various strata of society: nobility, clergy, towns, and cities.
The Royal Council
The Royal Council advised the Viceroy on administrative functions
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