Philip V’s Nueva Planta Decrees: Centralization in Spain
Philip V’s Nueva Planta Decrees and Centralization in Spain
Philip V, after being attacked by the English and Austrian armies, defeated the allied troops in the Battle of Almansa. From this time, the war favored the Bourbon interests. The new employment in Valencia and Aragon was accompanied by the cancellation of their charters. The end of the War of Succession was marked by the death of Leopold I, who was replaced by Archduke Charles. This changed the current situation. Peace talks concluded between
Read MoreIsabel II’s Reign: Liberal Union, Crisis, and Revolution (1856-1868)
Hegemony of the Liberal Union (1856-1863)
The final stage of Isabel II’s reign saw the return of moderatism, led by the centrist Liberal Union. This period, marked by relative stability, lasted until 1863.
The new government, headed by O’Donnell, dismantled the political and legislative efforts of the previous two years. It dissolved the National Militia, closed the courts before they could approve the new constitution, and restored a slightly modified version of the 1845 moderate constitution. However,
Read MoreArgentina’s Transformation: 1810, 1910, and Today
Political Context in 1910
This period is characterized by the existence of a conservative state and elite, and a system of electoral fraud. This was unsustainable but had served to keep the oligarchy in power.
Social Context in 1910
The city of Buenos Aires had a high rate of urbanization due to the arrival of large contingents of European immigrants. Argentina was considered the breadbasket of the world and it became a focus of attraction for European citizens.
Economy in 1910
Argentina was principally
Read MoreWorld War I: Key Phases and Turning Points 1914-1918
The Phases of World War I
The Schlieffen Plan and the Outbreak of War
The German General Staff had a war plan, called the “Schlieffen Plan,” with which they sought a quick victory based on the speed of movement, avoiding the danger of a war on two fronts, which would be catastrophic for a central power like Germany. It was based on the idea that the Russians would take longer to mobilize, as their level of technological development was much lower. The plan was launched on the French front through
Read MoreAmerican and French Revolutions: Causes and Impacts
The American Revolution: Causes and Consequences
The American Revolution was a conflict between the settlers of New England and Great Britain. The source of the problem was economic. The colonies had developed their own economic system and began to see the metropolis as a barrier to their development. The colonies were ruled by the colonial pact, which granted enough freedom to the colonists, and there were some meetings where part of the taxes were collected. This ended with conflict-generating
Read MoreUS Social Changes in the 1920s: Immigration, Klan, Prohibition
Shifting Tides: US Immigration Policy in the 1920s
The 1920s saw significant changes to American immigration policy, marked by the introduction of quotas designed to limit the influx of immigrants from certain regions.
- 1921 Immigration Quota: New immigrants were allowed in a proportion of 3% to the number of people from the same nationality who had been in America in 1910.
- 1924 National Origins Act: The quota was reduced to 2% of the 1890 census.
- 1929: Only 150,000 immigrants were allowed in per year.