Anarchism and Internationalism: 1864-1914
Anarchism
Anarchism is not a single doctrine like Marxism but brings together a number of ideas that respond to different thinkers. In general, all anarchists:
- Criticize capitalist society
- Advocate for partnership
- Support an egalitarian society based on the absence of authority (anarchy, meaning no government)
Prominent anarchist thinkers include:
Proudhon
Considered that private property was a robbery. He advocated for a model of society based on cooperation.
Bakunin
Argued that the revolution should be
Read MoreLate 19th Century European Liberal States: Characteristics & Evolution
Basic Characteristics of European Liberal States in the Late Nineteenth Century
Form of Government
Constitutional Monarchy
United Kingdom: The UK was a monarchy that progressively transitioned towards a parliamentary government, with the executive power becoming increasingly representative.
Republic
France and Switzerland: France was consolidating its republic, while Switzerland also maintained a republican system.
Type of State
Centralized and Secular: These states tended to concentrate power and reduce
Read MoreWorld War I: Timeline and Impact
The Outbreak of World War I
The conflict broke out when the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was assassinated. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Habsburg and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo by a Bosnian nationalist who was part of a terrorist organization called the Black Hand.
The Major Powers Involved
The five best powers were involved in the conflict. The alliance system worked for the Triple Entente but failed for the Triple Alliance since Italy stayed out. All the major powers
Read MoreThe 1978 Constitution and Spain’s Democratic Transition
Membership Ended 24: The Transition to Democracy and the Constitution of 1978
The political transition refers to the process of dismantling the Franco dictatorship, culminating in the establishment of a democratic regime in Spain.
On November 22, 1975, Juan Carlos I was appointed as Head of State, with the title of King. Arias Navarro was confirmed as Prime Minister and proceeded to form a new cabinet. However, the new government was unable to carry out any significant democratic reform.
The Democratic
Read More19th Century European Revolutions: Italy & Germany
19th Century Revolutions in Europe
The revolutions in Europe during the 19th century took place because many people did not accept the Restoration or the return of the Ancien Régime. They were based on three ideologies: Liberalism, Nationalism, and Democracy.
Liberalism
Liberalism is an ideology that defends individual liberties. With origins in British liberalism and in Enlightenment ideas of “equality and liberty”, it represented the interests of the bourgeoisie (wealthy bourgeois). Its principles
Read More18th Century Europe: Society, Politics & Economy
Key Terms and Concepts
Ancien Régime: The political, economic, and social system in Europe during the 18th century.
Culture: Customs, knowledge, and level of artistic, scientific, and technical development of a society.
Absolute Monarchy: Form of government in which the monarch holds unlimited power, believed to come from God.
Thirty Years’ War: European war from 1618 to 1648, after which the Habsburg dynasty lost its dominance over Europe.
Parliamentary Monarchy: Form of government in which all or
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