Extremadura in the Cortes of Cadiz & War of Independence
Extremadura in the Cortes of Cadiz
Given the waiver for Joseph Bonaparte, liberal institutions emerged in Spain. These institutions took power under the coordination of the Supreme Central Junta at Aranjuez. The Extremaduran Junta Central Superior (JCS) was organized in 1808. The members of that board were persons of social importance attached to the Church, nobility, army, and administration. The Extremaduran JCS had several locations because of the war.
The situation across the country imposed the
Read More19th Century Europe: Key Concepts & Movements
Key Concepts of 19th Century Europe
Politics and Law
- Civil Code: Code created in 1804 by Napoleon, which reflected the revolutionary achievements (equality before the law, liberty, property, and separation between church and state).
- Constitutional Assembly: Body whose function is creation, endowed with powers that should be subject to public institutions. This predominated in France from 1789 to 1791. It abolished feudalism and drafted the Bill of Rights of Man and Citizen.
- Constitution: Fundamental
Western Civilization: Greece and Rome
Western Civilization
Western Civilization is located in countries in America and Europe, where two civilizations were born. In Greece and Rome, there were large cultural advances that we inherited. In Greece developed classical culture, meaning outstanding. They gave great importance to humans and nature, and developed thoughts of a humanistic culture. This gave rise to Hellenization, spreading culture to all places they conquered and founded colonies (apoikas). They also learned the culture of the
Read MoreThe Disaster of ’98: Spain’s Colonial Loss
The Disaster of ’98
Since 1898, insurrections in Cuba had been almost continuous, suppressed by both military means and political agreements. However, in 1895, with the Cry of Baire—a public statement on the independence of the island—the rebels were joined by the intellectual José Martí. The revolt drew participants from the petty bourgeoisie and the most popular elements of island society. The Spanish government sent up to 130,000 soldiers under the command of General Martínez Campos. The
Read MoreCarlism and the Carlist Wars in Spain
Carlism and the Carlist Wars
In 1830, Princess Isabella was born. King Ferdinand VII decided to abolish the Salic Law and sign the Pragmatic Sanction, allowing his daughter to reign. At his death in 1833, his brother, Carlos, did not accept Ferdinand’s will and declared war on his niece, Isabella. Since Isabella was underage, the Regent Maria Cristina of Naples allied with the Liberals to defend her daughter’s throne.
Carlist Ideology
Carlism is more than just a struggle for the rights of Charles V.
Read MoreThe Spanish Second Republic: A Historical Overview
The Spanish Second Republic
The Spanish Second Republic, established after the First Republic, experienced a period of significant political and social change. The monarchy, under Alfonso XII and Alfonso XIII, was characterized by corruption, exploitation, and repression. The Republican opposition, composed of political, trade union, and progressive social mood, slowly organized over the years. The monarchy gradually entered a phase of decline resulting from the above reasons. By 1931, the monarchy
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