The Spanish Second Republic: A Historical Overview
The Spanish Second Republic
The Spanish Second Republic, established after the First Republic, experienced a period of significant political and social change. The monarchy, under Alfonso XII and Alfonso XIII, was characterized by corruption, exploitation, and repression. The Republican opposition, composed of political, trade union, and progressive social mood, slowly organized over the years. The monarchy gradually entered a phase of decline resulting from the above reasons. By 1931, the monarchy was undergoing a profound crisis. The king appointed a new government and called elections. The election results showed a tiny majority for the monarchists, but the monarchical government lost in 41 of the 50 provincial capitals. The people took to the streets to cheer the Second Republic and demand an end to the monarchy. Alfonso XIII finally understands the situation and leaves the country forced by the popular rejection never to return. It is April 14, 1931. Alcalá Zamora, Azana Largo among others, proclaim from the Home Office erupts II Republica. Immediately delirium among citizens. The long-awaited goal was finally achieved. A time of hope in the history of Spain opens after years of darkness and the public is aware of the historical moment they are living and faced with renewed optimismoLa Spanish Second Republic through two distinct phases.
The Second Biennium
The 1933 general elections were won by the right. Immediately the mayor Lerroux Radical Party and backed by the rightist CEDA, begins to change the progressive legislation from the previous period. This action slows the transfer of powers to the Generalitat of Catalonia and slows CEDA vasco.La autonomy statute begins to claim the government an even greater shift to the right and Falangists act violently against the left and progressive forces, which degenerates into a period of struggle (in all its forms) between leftists and rightists. The CEDA finally enters the government, thereby speeding up the cancellation of the reforms left progresistas.La calling a general strike reacts with uneven track. In Asturias, the workers rise, constituting a strong revolutionary movement. In Catalonia, proclaiming”Estat Catala. Both initiatives are suppressed. In the case of Asturias repression by the army against rebels triggered a massacre. Many leftist politicians are with their bones in the CEDA cárcel.La assumes even greater power after these events and begin making plans to overthrow the Republic. The phalanx nearly three-quarters of the same and inciting armed revolt against Republica.Cabria noted that the situation in Europe during this period is dominated by the unstoppable rise of fascism in Italy and Germany and these countries are the role models of the European right in such momentos.Volviendo to Spain, the government hopes to finally make a reform of no less than 42 articles of the constitution, which represent a radical turning back. It also leads to vote against a law-reform. Then explode a series of scandals that dot the government Lerroux. All this leads to the resignation of government and holding elections by 16 February 1936, after a failed attempt to create a stable new government without the left CEDA.Las unite in a broad opposition alliance called”Popular Fron” that although circumstantial is the only defense left for the Republic against fascism and the conservative monarchists. Popular Front wins elections and obtained 257 seats. Azana form government without the socialists and communists who support him do not want to even enter the government