Political Opposition to the Restoration in Spain (1874-1902)
Political Opposition to the Restoration Scheme (1874-1902)
A) Antidynastic Movements
1. The Carlists
Initial Carlist Supports:
The Carlists were enemies of liberalism and its measures, such as economic freedom, and political and social reforms. Carlist traditionalism advocated for the extreme right, the Old Regime, the monarchy of divine origin, and *foralism*. According to foralism, regions should maintain their autonomous government institutions, their own justice system, and tax exemptions. Conscription
Read MoreLandmarks of the USA: Lincoln Memorial and More
Lincoln Memorial
The Lincoln Memorial commemorates the life of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the USA. It is located in Potomac Park, Washington, DC (District of Columbia). Designed by Henry Bacon, the style is that of a Greek Doric temple with 36 enormous columns. Lincoln’s statue was sculpted by Daniel Chester French.
The 36 Doric columns represent the 36 states of the Union at the time of President Lincoln’s death in 1865. Construction of the Lincoln Memorial began in 1914. The building
Read MoreAmadeus I of Spain: A Short, Tumultuous Reign (1871-1873)
The Reign of Amadeus of Savoy (1871-1873)
A Democratic Regime Under a Monarch
Prim was tasked with consulting foreign ambassadors and conducting negotiations to establish an international consensus on the candidate for the Spanish throne. The rejection of the Portuguese dynasty and France’s opposition to the German candidate limited the possibilities. Amadeus of Savoy, a man of democratic vision, was chosen. He was elected King of Spain by the Cortes and arrived in the country through the port of
Read MoreEnlightenment, Glorious, and French Revolutions
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a European cultural movement of the 18th century, marked by a heavy reliance on reason. It criticized traditional institutions and aimed to provide knowledge. This new ideology highlighted the individual’s capacity to understand and solve societal problems through education.
Features
New ways of thinking reflected liberation of thought in all fields. Key aspects include:
Role of Nature
The Enlightenment advocated for allowing natural laws to govern. Individuals
Read MoreSocial and Political Consequences of WWI
Social Consequences
The German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires disappeared because they did not survive the war. The human cost was high. On the front, there were about ten million killed, and civilian casualties from starvation and disease were also very high. Another important aspect was the psychological effect that the war had on the population, as well as the physical consequences. The brutality of the military campaigns increased due to the use of weapons with destructive power.
Read MorePost-WWI Peace Treaties & Their Consequences
Post-WWI Peace Treaties
The Peace of the Victors: Peace Treaties
The victors diverged when meeting in Paris. Wilson wanted to impose a peace based on law, respect for nations, free trade, disarmament, and democracy. France, however, wanted strong compensations.
The most important treaty was the Treaty of Versailles. It was developed on the basis that Germany was responsible for the conflict. It gave Alsace and Lorraine to France, Poznan to Poland, and separated East Prussia from the rest of the territory
Read More