Second Continental Congress: Key Events & Figures
The Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the summer of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. It succeeded the First Continental Congress.
Key Figures and Events
- George Washington: Selected to head the hastily improvised army in Boston.
- The Battle of Bunker Hill: A battle fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages
Ancient Greece: Polis, Democracy, and Athenian Life
Polis: City-States of Ancient Greece
Polis: city-states of ancient Greece.
Democracy: the power of the people, i.e., people could vote.
Oligarchy: the power of a few, that is, the kings and the rich.
Hellenic: Ancient Greece, united by language and religion, but without a single capital.
Geographic Framework
Location: Balkans, the Aegean Sea.
Relief: mountainous terrain hindered communication.
Climate: warm and dry.
Sea: supported fisheries and encouraged trade.
The majority of the population was rural.
Features
Read MoreFascism, Nazism, and the Spanish Civil War: Key Differences
Fascist and Nazi Ideologies
Fascism emerged as a response to the economic and political turmoil following World War I, fueled by the radicalization of revolutionary movements. It stands apart from both socialism and liberalism.
Fascism promotes the following core ideas:
- Nationalism: Exaltation of one’s own nation, often accompanied by xenophobic attitudes.
- Totalitarian State: Complete control over all aspects of society, with the exception of religion.
- Racism: A consequence of nationalism and hatred
Regional Economic Organizations in Latin America
Latin American Economic System (SELA)
SELA (Latin American Economic System) is a regional organization based in Caracas, Venezuela, consisting of 27 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Created on October 17, 1975, through the Panama Convention, SELA is currently composed of Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic,
Read MoreAbsolute vs. Parliamentary Monarchy, 17th Century Society
Absolute Monarchy vs. Parliamentary Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy was the dominant political system in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. Kings believed their authority had been given to them by God and that they, therefore, held all the power (sovereignty) (executive, legislative, and judicial) with no limitations. At the same time, England and The Netherlands limited the authority of their monarchs by strengthening the power of their parliaments (see worksheet).
17th Century Society
In the 17th
Read MoreFrancoism and the Spanish Transition to Democracy
Franco’s Regime (1939-1975)
The Early Years (1939-1955)
Franco’s regime was characterized by:
- A single-party system.
- Rejection of representative democracy.
- Absence of political and trade union freedoms.
- Concentration of power in Franco.
The early years were marked by product shortages, Spain’s ambiguous neutrality in World War II, and international isolation. In 1950, a political opening began, culminating in Spain’s UN membership, supported by the US.
Later Francoism (1955-1975)
This phase saw a decline