The Great War: Origins, Conflicts, and Consequences
World War I: Causes, Events, and Consequences
Timeline of Key Events:
- 1879: Austro-German Alliance
- 1882: Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy)
- 1904: Entente Cordiale
- 1907: Triple Entente (France, UK, and Russia)
- 1917: Russian Revolution
- 1919: Treaty of Versailles
- 1926: Locarno Pact
- 1928: Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Road to War
Since the Congress of Vienna, international relations had been governed by the attempt to achieve a balance between the European powers.
Initially, Bismarck’s diplomatic activity
Read MoreSpain in the 19th Century: From Cádiz to the Crisis of ’98
The Cortes of Cádiz and the Constitution of 1812
The power vacuum in Spain, caused by the refusal to accept Joseph Bonaparte as king, led the Central Board to convene a meeting of the Cortes in Cádiz in 1812. Representatives elected by the people drafted a constitution based on political liberalism, recognizing national sovereignty, the division of powers, and universal male suffrage. They also approved measures to abolish the Old Regime, including the suppression of lordships and the Inquisition,
Read MoreThe Colonial War of 1898: Causes and Effects
Index
- 1. Definition
- 2. Chronology
- 3. Background
- 4. Development
- 5. Consequences
- a) Demographic
- b) Economic
- c) Military
- d) Change of International Status
- 6. Regeneracionismo
- 7. Historical Vocabulary
- 8. Biography of General Weyler
Definition
The Colonial War, also known as the War of ’98, refers to the crisis that followed the independence of Spanish colonies from Spain, culminating in the loss of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
Background
The problems did not end with the agreement of 1878. From then until
Read MoreSpanish Restoration and the Reign of Alfonso XII
The Spanish Restoration (1874-1902)
In 1874, during Serrano’s Unitary Republic, Martínez Campos led a pronouncement in Sagunto, proclaiming Alfonso XII King of Spain.
Cánovas del Castillo had been planning to proclaim Alfonso XII of Bourbon as king and restore the Bourbon monarchy. He carefully prepared for the prince’s return and drafted the Sandhurst Manifesto, which the prince signed. However, Martínez Campos acted prematurely, and against Cánovas’s wishes, the Bourbon monarchy was restored
Read MoreAnglo-Irish Treaty of 1921: Arguments For and Against
Arguments For and Against the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921
The Anglo-Irish Treaty (Irish: An Conradh Angla-Éireannach) was an agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence. It provided for the establishment of the Irish Free State within a year as a self-governing dominion within the ‘community of nations known as the British Empire,’ a status ‘the same as that of the Dominion
Read MoreAthenian Democracy: Rise, Fall, and Philosophers
He lived during the fourth century BC in Athens, a period marked by the development and decline of Athenian democracy, shortly after the death of Pericles. During the Age of Pericles, Athens experienced an artistic, commercial, and philosophical splendor, at the cost of taxes collected from allied city-states. These city-states asked for help from Sparta. As a result of this and the differences between the Spartan polis and the Athenian polis, in the year 431 BC, the Peloponnesian Wars broke out,
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