Francoism Demise and Opposition: 1973-1975
The Agony of the Regime (1973-1975)
After the death of Carrero Blanco, a growing economic crisis took place. The French Prime Minister appointed a representative of the Franco regime hardliners: Carlos Arias Navarro, who was the Director-General of Security and Minister of the Government. Following his appointment, Lopez Rodó and the technocrats were removed from power. No government, composed of ministers of Falange extraction, was able to reconcile a theoretical aperturist purpose with repressive
Read MoreKey Concepts: Anarchism, Marxism, and Industrialization Stages
Anarchism and Marxism: Key Concepts
Anarchism: Bakunin proposed a revolution to maximize individual freedom, opposing everything: the state, private property, and religious beliefs.
Marxism: Karl Marx is considered a major theoretical thinker of communism. He focused on class struggle, believing that a classless society would emerge after a political revolution and industrial development, where people are valued for their merits and work, not just wealth.
Cantonalism: This ideology defends the division
Read MorePanama History: Key Events and Independence Timeline
Panama: A Historical Timeline
1492: Christopher Columbus arrives in America.
16th Century: The Ottoman Empire reaches its peak.
1501: Rodrigo de Bastidas explores the shores of the Isthmus of Panama.
1510: Foundation of Santa Maria la Antigua del Darien.
1513: Vasco Núñez de Balboa discovers the South Sea (Pacific Ocean).
1519: Panama City is founded.
1530: The first cimarron palisade is established.
1543: The heliocentric theory is published.
1597: Portobelo is founded.
1641: The Netherlands seizes the
Read MoreKey Events in Early American History: Civil War to Founding Fathers
Key Events in Early American History
- February 9, 1861: The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as president.
- March 4, 1861: Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as the 16th President of the United States of America.
- April 12, 1861: Fort Sumter Attacked: At 4:30 a.m., Confederates under Gen. Pierre Beauregard open fire with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War begins.
- Mayflower Compact: This was the
19th Century Reform Movements in America
19th Century Reform Movements in America
A reform movement is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or political system closer to the community’s ideals. There were many different types during the 19th century in America.
Temperance Movement
The temperance movement sought to limit or even ban the consumption of alcohol. Strongly supported by American Protestants, there were thousands of individual temperance societies at the local level by the 1830s. Temperance group members could be
Franco’s Spain: Political, Economic, and Social Evolution (1939-1959)
Franco’s Spain: Political, Economic, and Social Evolution until 1959
Political Developments
The New State was established based on the ideals of July 18th, the day the Spanish Civil War began:
“The victors established a strong and highly centralized state to guarantee the unity of Spain and impose a social order based on the doctrine of the Church and the Falange ideology.”
The New State was characterized by the absolute concentration of power in Franco’s hands. He controlled all sources of authority:
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