Colonialism’s Legacy: Ireland, Nigeria, India, and Jamaica
The Enduring Impact of Colonialism: A Comparative Analysis
Northern Ireland
In the 12th century, English control intensified in Ireland. The Ulster Plantation (1610) settled Protestant English and Scottish populations in Northern Ireland, displacing native Catholic Irish and creating a divided society due to religious and political differences. The Act of Union (1801) united Ireland and Great Britain into the UK, but marginalized Irish Catholics politically, socially, and economically, deepening colonial
Read MoreUGT-CNT Manifesto: A Call for Proletariat Rights in 1917 Spain
UGT-CNT Assembly Manifesto (1917)
This manifesto, a protest with economic and primarily social content, was drafted in Madrid on March 28, 1917, jointly by the General Union of Workers (UGT) and the National Confederation of Workers (CNT). Despite their sociological differences, they united with the intention of achieving the widest possible distribution. The UGT, with its socialist ideology, was mainly based in Madrid, the Basque Country, and Asturias, while the CNT, with its anarchist ideology,
Read MoreLatin America’s Resistance to U.S. Imperialism
Sandino’s Resistance
In 1926, armed resistance emerged, led by Sandino, who began recruiting companions to combat conservatism in Latin America. His influence transcended borders. U.S. forces bombarded villages where Sandino’s presence symbolized determination. A stand was taken in 1927 from the San Albino mine, and in 1931, after the U.S. government announced its intention to withdraw from Nicaragua, the Sandinistas destroyed the United Fruit Company’s premises. News of the killings and devastation
Read MoreWorld War I: Causes, Phases, Treaty of Versailles, and Aftermath
World War I
Causes
On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was assassinated in Sarajevo. This event triggered a chain reaction of war declarations. Austria and Germany declared war on Serbia. Due to existing alliances, a sequence of war declarations occurred between major European countries.
Two main alliances formed:
- Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and Bulgaria.
- Allied Powers: France, Great Britain, Russia, Serbia, and Belgium.
Manifesto of the Persians: A Call for Absolutism in 1814
Manifesto of the Persians: Demanding the Old Regime
- The proposed text is a primary source, the so-called Manifesto of the Persians. It is a text in which a group of deputies from the Legislative Cortes that had been elected in 1813 addresses King Fernando VII, who has just returned to Spain after six years of captivity in France under Napoleon Bonaparte.
- It is a “manifesto” because the deputies formulate a political program while they propose to the King what to do regarding the Cortes and the
Spanish Constitutions and the First Republic (1834-1874)
The First Spanish Republic (1873-1874)
The First Republic (1873-1874) was a politically unstable regime. It formed a government led by Republican Figueras, but it was mostly radical. Elections were held in May, and the ruling party won a majority, but abstentions were high. The new government, led by Pi i Maragall, began drafting the constitution, which resulted in a draft constitution (1873). The new Federal Republic was overwhelmed by the left. Diehard Republicans pushed a federalist movement.
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