Key Figures in Spanish History: Dato, Iglesias, and More
Key Figures in Spanish History
Eduardo Dato (1856-1921)
Lawyer who devoted himself to conservative politics. He joined and was mayor of Madrid. His term coincided with World War I and the revolutionary crisis. After the government initiated social legislation, an attack ended his life.
Pablo Iglesias (1850-1925)
Began his political career in 1869 as a member of the AIT, participating as a delegate at the congress of Zaragoza. He fully immersed himself in the New Madrid Federation Marxist movement. In
Read MoreFrench Revolution Stages and Napoleonic Era: Key Events
The French Revolution: Key Stages
Privileged Revolt (1780)
Grave economic situation; the people could not pay taxes.
National Assembly (1789-1791)
- Bastille Day – July 14, 1789
- Abolition of feudalism – August 4, 1789
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen – August 26, 1789
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy – 1790
- Constitution of 1791 (Monarchy, division of powers, and census suffrage)
Problems:
- The Pope condemns religious and clergy division between sworn and non-sworn.
- Political problem of emigrants.
- Problem
The Spanish Conquest of America: Impact and Consequences
The Conquest of America
The conquest of America unfolded in two significant phases:
First Phase: Hernán Cortés and the Aztecs
The initial phase was spearheaded by Hernán Cortés. The Spanish Crown took possession of the conquered lands, a move that sparked considerable controversy. Cortés ventured into Aztec territory, leveraging military dominance to seize their wealth and hold the emperor hostage. The Aztecs resisted Spanish rule, but Cortés triumphed in the Battle of Otumba in 1520, claiming
Read MoreSpanish Civil War Exile & Resistance to Franco
Opposition: Exile and Resistance
Exile: In the final phase of the Spanish Civil War, more than 400,000 people who had engaged with the Republic left Spain. They fled to France through the Pyrenees, or to Northern Africa. Many refugees returned to Spain when the regime promised to take no action against those who had committed no crime, a promise that was not fulfilled. However, about 200,000 people remained in exile or returned to Spain only after Franco’s death. In France, they established a large
Spanish Civil War: Military Uprising, Conflict, and Stages
The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): Stages and Evolution
The military conspiracy that led to the Spanish Civil War began after the Popular Front’s victory in the 1936 elections. This event, combined with Spain’s 19th-century tradition of military coups, triggered the conflict. The return of the Left to power was a key factor, recalling General Sanjurjo’s earlier coup attempt and the movements of Generals Fanjul, Goded, Franco, and Yagüe between December 1935 and February 1936.
The conspirators had
Read MoreVictorian Era: Alliances, Capitalism & Imperialism
The Victorian Era
In Europe, the United Kingdom continued to be the strongest commercial and financial power in the world for 63 years (1837-1901).
European Alliance System
Bismarck Alliance System: (a very important person in Germany) These were a set of alliances, based on secret diplomacy, promoted by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Their objectives were to isolate France, at enmity with Germany due to the loss of Alsace and Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War, and to prevent its alliance with Russia
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