Postcolonial Identity in Caribbean, South African, Indian & Sri Lankan

Caribbean: Art, Maps, and Diasporic Identity

Antillean Art and Walcott’s Shattered Histories

“Antillean art is this restoration of our shattered histories, our shards of vocabulary, our archipelago becoming a synonym for pieces broken off”? In his Nobel Prize speech, Derek Walcott explains that Caribbean, or Antillean, art is a way of rebuilding what history destroyed. Caribbean history was violently broken by slavery, colonialism, and forced migration. During the Middle Passage, Africans were

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Progressive Era and WWI: US History

Unit 10: The Progressive Era & World War I

The Early Twentieth Century: Reform and Conflict

The Progressive Era (1890s–1920s)

Towards the end of the Gilded Age (1870s – 1890s), a new era started: The Progressive Era (1890s-1920s). Different people advocated for reform (though not always for the same reasons), including politicians, conservationists, muckrakers, scientists and scholars, civil rights activists, and labor unions.

Key Progressive Figures
Eugene V. Debs

Founder of the American Railway

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Kautilya’s Arthashastra: Ancient Indian Economic Structure

Ancient Indian Economic Thought and State Power

Ancient Indian economic thought, best represented by Kautilya’s Arthashastra, viewed the economy as a crucial engine for state power (Artha). It stressed a dynamic and balanced system involving agriculture, industry, trade, and state regulation to ensure prosperity and welfare.

Industry and Crafts

Ancient Indian thought recognized the value of manufacturing and specialized crafts as a key source of wealth and national prestige, driving both internal and

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U.S. History Timeline: Civil War to Civil Rights, 1860–1970s

Unit 7: Civil War, Reconstruction, and Jim Crow Era

The Road to the Civil War

  • Kansas-Nebraska
    • 1850s: continual debate over the future of the western territories — free or slave states?
    • Compromise of 1850: California became a free state, but the Mexican cession (Utah & New Mexico territories) would be decided by popular sovereignty — people in the territory decide by vote.
    • The South wanted popular sovereignty to decide the future of the Kansas & Nebraska territories.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

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Geopolitical Profiles: Key Nations, History, and Global Influence

Cuba: History, Revolution, and US Relations

Cuba is a Caribbean island nation known for its major geopolitical and cultural influence despite its size. Historically known as the Pearl of the Caribbean, a colonial name highlighting its strategic location and wealth.

Key Historical Events and Figures

  • Cuban Population: An ethnic mix including Spaniards, Africans, Chinese, Italians, and others.
  • Spanish-American War (1898): Conflict resulting in Spain losing Cuba to US control.
  • Fulgencio Batista: Cuban ruler
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Architects and Leaders of the Second Spanish Republic

Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1877–1949)

Alcalá-Zamora was twice a Liberal minister in the monarchy, shifting his allegiance to the Republicans during the dictatorship. This move attracted moderate and Catholic groups to his party. He was president of the Republican Committee and was jailed in 1930. After the Republic was proclaimed, he became the first Head of Government in 1931, resigning when the approved constitutional articles relating to religious freedom were passed. However, two months later,

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