The First World War: Origins, Fronts, and Conclusion
The Belligerents of World War I
The Central Powers and The Allies
The conflict involved two major groups:
- The Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, The Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria (other countries joined later).
- The Allies (or Triple Entente): France, Russia, the United Kingdom (UK), and Serbia (the US and other countries joined later).
Underlying Causes of the First World War
Imperialism and Colonial Conflicts
Competition among European countries for imperialist expansion fueled tensions (e.g., the
Read MoreBritish Political and Social Transformation, 1509-1801
Religion, Politics, and Power in 16th-17th Century England
Religion in sixteenth-century England was deeply connected to politics. Henry VIII’s break with Rome, which stemmed from his failure to produce a male heir and his desire to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, led to a political and religious Reformation in which royal authority replaced papal supremacy. Through the Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533) and the Act of Supremacy (1534), Parliament and Henry declared that “England is
Read MoreFrancoist Spain: State Formation, Autarchy, and Repression
The Formation of the Francoist State (1939-1959)
Change of Regime
- The failure of the military coup of 1936, undertaken by part of the Spanish army, some right-wing politicians, the Falange, and Carlism, led to a civil war that ended in March 1939 with the victory of the rebels.
- The rebels organized a technical committee in Burgos as a provisional government, and Franco was appointed as head of state.
- These events resulted in 40 years of Franco’s dictatorship.
Ideological and Political Foundations
- Personalist
The Origins of English: Language and Conquest in Early Britain
The Linguistic Landscape Before English
English was introduced in the British Isles in the middle of the fifth century. Previous to this, the presence of a number of races in the island can be detected, and each of these races had a language. We do not have any knowledge of a time in the history of man where man did not have any language; however, we know very little of the early languages of England.
Before the Celts, we have no knowledge of a language in Britain. The only language that may provide
Read MoreThe Origins of English: Language and Conquest in Early Britain
The Linguistic Landscape Before English
English was introduced in the British Isles in the middle of the fifth century. Previous to this, the presence of a number of races in the island can be detected, and each of these races had a language. We do not have any knowledge of a time in the history of man where man did not have any language; however, we know very little of the early languages of England.
Before the Celts, we have no knowledge of a language in Britain. The only language that may provide
Read MoreThe Origins of English: Language and Conquest in Early Britain
The Linguistic Landscape Before English
English was introduced in the British Isles in the middle of the fifth century. Previous to this, the presence of a number of races in the island can be detected, and each of these races had a language. We do not have any knowledge of a time in the history of man where man did not have any language; however, we know very little of the early languages of England.
Before the Celts, we have no knowledge of a language in Britain. The only language that may provide
Read More