Material Properties, Testing & Selection Criteria
Material Properties
A) Sensory Properties
Material selection often depends on their effect on our senses. Natural materials (cotton, silk, linen, etc.) are generally more pleasant to the touch than synthetics. Other sensory factors include smell, shape, luster, texture, and color.
B) Optical Properties
Opaque materials block light, transparent materials allow light to pass through, and translucent materials allow light but distort vision.
C) Thermal Properties
These describe a material’s behavior when
Read MoreEarth’s Dynamic Processes: A Journey Through Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes, and Rock Formation
ERTH-2310E Exam 1 Cheat Sheet
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
The continents rise above the ocean because of isostasy. The continental plates are less dense than oceanic crust and thus sit higher relative to the oceanic plate.
3/5 Most abundant elements in the crust: Silicon, Iron, Oxygen, Aluminum, Calcium
The Geosphere and Biosphere are part of the Earth system.
Earth’s Spheres:
- Geosphere (tectonics and volcanism)
- Atmosphere (air)
- Hydrosphere (water)
- Cryosphere (glaciers)
- Biosphere (life)
- Asthenosphere
Land Tenure & Agricultural Policies in Spain: An Overview
Land Tenure and Agricultural Practices in Spain
Land Ownership
Land tenure refers to the degree of dominion over land. Latifundios are large estates comprising over 50% of the land, owned by a small percentage of individuals. Conversely, smallholdings represent a smaller portion of the land (10%) but are owned by a larger proportion of the population (52%).
Agricultural Practices
Agriculture in Spain often involves a combination of farming or ranching with other occupations like industry, construction,
Read MoreEcological Inventory for Sustainable Land Use Planning
Ecological Inventory for Sustainable Land Use
Environmental inventory involves compiling information about the ecological features of a landscape. This information is crucial for sustainable land use planning and development.
Key Ecological Features
Several factors are considered when conducting an ecological inventory:
- Conservation Value: The productivity of resources like soil for farming.
- Ecological Functions: The significance of land units, such as woodlands that buffer human populations from wildlife-
Ship Terminology and Nautical Archaeology: A Comprehensive Guide
FORWARD and BACKWARD Positions on a Ship
FORWARD OF indicates a relative position equivalent to “in front of” or “before.” BACKWARD OF indicates a relative position equivalent to “behind” or “aft of.”
Regarding ship positions:
- The forecastle is situated FORWARD (fore end of the ship).
- The superstructure is usually situated AFT (after end of the ship).
ABOARD means in or on the ship (synonymous with “on board”).
The Nanhai No. 1: An 800-Year-Old Treasure
An 800-year-old merchant ship, the Nanhai No. 1 (
Read MoreEarth’s Dynamic Structure and Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
Earthquakes are violent events caused by sudden movements of the Earth’s crust.
Inside the Crust
- Hypocenter (Focus): The point within the Earth where an earthquake originates.
- Seismic Waves: Oscillations/vibrations that start at the hypocenter and travel through the Earth’s inner layers.
- Types: P-waves and S-waves
At the Surface
- Epicenter: The point on the surface that waves reach first (directly above the hypocenter).
- Surface Waves: Spread from the epicenter, sometimes with catastrophic effects.