Sedimentary Rock Textures, Structures, and Uses

Sedimentary Rocks

Texture

Sedimentary Rocks texture can be classified as:

Clastic Rocks (Detrital)

Grains of different sizes and material that fill the gaps can be of detrital origin (womb) or of chemical (cement).

Not Clastic Rocks (Crystalline)

  • Amorphous: As the size grainy clay.
  • Crystals: Of any size but uniform.
  • Piroblástica: Very large crystals in a cryptocrystalline.
  • Microcrystalline pasta: Crystals not visible to the naked eye, looks like the first and the second most earthy flint.

Structure

The incidence

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Key Concepts in Physical and Human Geography

Physical Geography

Physical geography: studies landscapes and their characteristics without considering human intervention. This includes climates, waters, landforms, living beings, and the distribution of landscapes.

Scale of a Map

Scale of a map: the relationship between dimensions on a map and the real dimensions of the represented surface.

Parallels and Latitude

Parallel: circles with decreasing radius as they approach the poles, including the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

Latitude:

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Environmental Impact: Biogeochemical Cycles, Pollution & Acid Rain

Biogeochemical Cycles

  • Decomposition of organic matter for plant use.
  • Plants incorporate nutrients from soil and water.
  • Nutrients pass through the food web.
  • Decomposers break down organic compounds.

Sources of Air Pollutants

  • Uncontrolled industrial emissions and transport fumes.
  • Coal and oil burning factories and power plants.
  • Potential leaks from nuclear reactors.
  • Poisonous gases from some plants (e.g., formaldehyde, chlorine).
  • Metallurgical industry emissions.
  • Waste incineration releasing methane (CO2), (
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Industrial Processes, Materials, Energy, and Electronics

Item 1. Industrial Processes and Sustainable Development

Industrial Extraction

Provides primary materials.

Industrial Transformation

Makes industrial materials.

Industrial Elaboration

Products are manufactured for later use.

Transformation Industries

  • Steel and Metallurgical: Different metals are obtained from minerals.
  • Petrochemical: Separate and deal with oil compounds through artificial distillation.
  • Timber: Using trunks and branches of trees, which are processed by grinding, cooking, and mixing.
  • Textile
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Sustainable Development and Earth’s Dynamic Processes

Management

  • Reduction: Do not produce such waste.
  • Reuse: If something can be used, use it for the same purpose.
  • Recycling: Transforming waste.

Processing

  • Waste for energy.

Composting

  • Microorganisms form a compound, compost, an inorganic fertilizer used to improve soil properties.



Resources and Sustainable Development

  • Resources: Material goods and services provided by nature undisturbed by human beings.
  • Impacts: The alteration or effect that a particular human action produces on the environment in its various
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Geological and Lithological Diversity of Spain

Geological Evolution of Spain

1. Geological Evolution. Lithological Variety.

Geological Evolution

Archean or Cryptozoic (Precambrian)

At the end of the Precambrian time, there was hardly any land in the area of what we know today as Spain. This area was located between two continental plates, an African one (Gondwana) and another Paleoeuropean one (Laurasia). Between them was located the ancient sea of Tethys. In the Precambrian Archean era, orogenic movements succeeded, which had little impact on the

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