The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of the Class-Based Society
The Industrial Revolution & the Class-Based Society
Beginning of the Industrial Revolution: Great Britain
The Industrial Revolution was a process of technological advancements that led to dramatic economic changes.
Causes:
- Population growth due to improved living conditions and other advancements.
- Changes in the Agricultural Revolution: extensive trade, widespread use of fertilizers, mechanization, and the introduction of crop rotation.
- Technological advances (the Machine Age).
- Increased trade: Foreign
Commerce and Transport: A Comprehensive Guide
What is Commerce?
Commerce consists of selling and buying to satisfy our needs.
- It is a very ancient activity that helped the contact among different cultures.
- At the beginning, the commercial activity was done through interchange, that is to say, one product for another.
- Later, coins appeared, and value was given to different products.
- Commerce became more important and commercial activities were done with faraway countries.
Elements in Commerce
- We need 4 different elements to have commerce:
- Salesmen:
The Catalan Political System: A Comprehensive Guide
The Spanish Political System
1 What is a Parliamentary Monarchy?
Spain is a parliamentary monarchy, as indicated in the Spanish Constitution.
2 The Crown
- In a parliamentary monarchy, the king holds the Crown. He is the highest representative of the State both domestically and in international relations.
- The King acts as a referee between institutions and exercises the functions bestowed upon him by the Constitution and the laws.
- The King’s position is hereditary and held for life.
- The King is not subject
Environmental Sustainability: A Comprehensive Overview
Environmental Sustainability
Posidonia and Caulerpa
Both Posidonia and Caulerpa are marine plants. However, Caulerpa can kill Posidonia, which plays a crucial role in protecting the coast from erosion.
Human Impact on the Environment
Factors influencing human impact on the environment include:
- Population
- Technology
- Energy
- Consumption
Threats to the Environment
Major threats to the environment include:
- Air pollution
- Water pollution
- Deforestation
- Endangered species
- Erosion
- Desertification
Preventing Environmental
Read MoreNew Englishes: A Global Perspective on Language Variation
New Englishes (1): Introduction
The First Diaspora
(Inner Circle) Migrations to North America, Australia, New Zealand à L1 varieties.
- USA / Canada: From the early 17th century (English), 18th century (North Irish) to the USA. From the 17th century, African slaves to South American states and Caribbean Islands. From 1776 (American Independence), some British settlers to Canada.
- Australia: from 1770.
- New Zealand: from the 1790s (official colony in 1840).
Different development from colonial British English:
Read MoreGlobal Stratification: An Overview of Global Inequality and Poverty
Terminology
After WWII
- First World: high-income, industrial countries, liberal democracies
- Second World: socialist countries
- Third World: non-industrialized, low-income countries
But
- Second World no longer exists
- Great variation in the Third World
New Terminology
- High-income countries: richest 72 countries
- Middle-income countries: 70 countries
- Low-income countries: 53 countries with lowest productivity and most severe poverty
Model Focuses On:
- Economic development, not whether countries are socialist or capitalist
- Gives