Spanish Population Structure: 1900 vs. 2001
Option M
2. Spanish Population Structure (1900 & 2001)
Observe the figures showing the population structure by age and sex in Spain during 1900 and 2001, and answer the following:
a) Demographic Structure Models
1900: Triangular/Pagoda Shape (Old Demographic Regime)
- High birth rates (+35%)
- High mortality rates (+30%)
- Low population increase (<5%)
This model represents a young population (0-16 years old accounting for >35%) with a wide base due to high birth rates. The population decreases rapidly
Read MoreWater Resources & Biogeography of Spain: An Overview
Water Resources in Spain
Availability and Use
Spain exhibits diverse geography and climate, influencing water resource distribution. These resources include:
- Surface Water: Rivers, reservoirs
- Groundwater: Wells, galleries, springs
- Unconventional Sources: Desalination and water treatment plants
Increased demand is often met by unconventional sources, though groundwater extraction helps alleviate deficits in some regions. Analyzing river basins reveals:
- Northern Confederations (Duero, Tagus, Ebro): Galicia,
Spanish Agriculture: An Overview of CAP Impact and Regional Landscapes
1.4.2 The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Its Impact on Spain
Since Spain’s entry into the European Community (EC), its agricultural policy has been significantly shaped by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Several key consequences have emerged:
Spain joined the European common market, participating in its internal and external free trade. Common Market Organizations (CMOs) were established for flagship products, setting minimum and maximum prices. When prices fell below the minimum, the
Transport Systems in Spain
Importance of Transport
Economic activities depend on efficient transport systems for the mobility of labor, energy sources, and raw materials. A well-connected transport network is crucial for easy access to resources and delivery of finished products to markets. This makes transport a dynamic element of the economy.
Types of Transport
Transport systems are categorized into land, sea, and air transport.
Land Transport
Land transport is currently the most important in Spain. The network is influenced
Read MoreJourney Through History: Antiquity to Baroque
1. Prehistory of the Modern Age
Prehistory
Prehistory spans from the emergence of humankind to the invention of writing. It encompasses the Stone Age and the Metal Age:
- The Stone Age:
- Paleolithic: Humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers, living in huts or caves, organized in tribes. They discovered fire, developed early beliefs, and created cave art.
- Neolithic: Transitioned from a hunter-gatherer to a producer economy. Agriculture and livestock emerged, alongside new techniques like stone polishing and
Urban Planning: Concepts, Principles, and Regulations
Urban Planning
Concepts, Principles, and Types
Urban planning aims to prevent uncontrolled urban growth and protect agricultural land. It provides a framework for drafting and implementing coordinated development plans. These plans must adhere to land law regulations.
Land Law
Urban planning follows a hierarchical structure, with national decisions influencing municipalities and townships. Land law outlines the following plan levels:
- National Plan of Arrangement (PNO): A high-level, long-term plan,