The Rise and Impact of Imperialism: Causes, Forms, and Global Effects

Defining Imperialism

The term imperialism refers to an attitude, doctrine, or action that leads to the dominance of one state over another or others through the use of military, economic, or political force.

Historical Context: From Colonialism to Imperialism

The transition from colonialism to imperialism occurred in the first half of the nineteenth century. Its causes included the expansion into new markets due to technological and military development, geographical exploration, and missionary activities.

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Transformative Eras: Industrial and Economic Shifts

The Industrial Revolution: An Era of Transformation

Between 1700 and 1800, we witnessed a profound revolution across many areas of society. This transformative process began in Britain in the 18th century and subsequently spread to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the term “Industrial Revolution” was first popularized by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain’s economic development from 1760 to 1840.

The Agricultural Revolution:

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Global Poverty & Justice: Core Concepts and Teachings

Global Poverty: Definitions & Realities

Poverty Thresholds

  • Half the world’s population lives on less than $2.50 a day.

Classifications of Nations

  • First World Countries: Developed nations characterized by high Gross National Product (GNP), stable governments and economies, developed infrastructure, efficient markets, and technological advancements.
  • Second World Countries: Nations with command-market economies or communist systems where the central government controls economic processes.
  • Third World
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Urban Morphology and City Functions Explained

Understanding Urban Morphology

Urban morphology refers to the external features of a city, shaped by the physical conditions of its location. The most appropriate instrument for studying urban morphology is a city map, which allows us to distinguish old town areas, suburbs, and peri-urban areas. A map can interpret the city’s development over time.

Models of Urban Morphology

Various models of urban morphology can be distinguished:

  • Irregular Plan Morphology

    This morphology generally characterizes old

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Spanish Society & Demographics: Post-War Transformations

Society and Culture

Demographic Trends

Frankist Period: Declining Mortality and Increased Life Expectancy

During the Frankist period, continuous declining mortality led to a favorable increase in life expectancy. While the birth rate decreased, it did so more slowly. The population growth rate was relatively high, with the regime promoting fertility. However, population growth was uneven across regions. Areas of economic dynamism, such as the Basque Country, Catalonia, and Madrid, attracted many immigrants.

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Global Population Dynamics: Trends, Structure, and Migration Impacts

Population refers to the total number of people who live in a specific place, such as a city, a country, or the entire world. Human Geography studies how population is distributed, how it changes over time, and the reasons why people move from one place to another. Understanding population helps us learn more about how people live, work, and interact with their environment.

Global Population Growth Trends

The global population has not grown at a consistent rate. Historical events, such as the Neolithic

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