Spain’s Economy: Agriculture, Industry, Energy, and Tourism
Agriculture in Spain
The primary sector in Spain has traditionally been the most important part of the Spanish economy. However, since the mid-twentieth century, following the development of industry and services, it has declined in economic importance.
Main Crops
- Cereals: Barley, wheat, and maize are prominent. The communities that stand out for their production are Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, and Aragon.
- Olives and Vines: The central area is composed of olive-producing provinces like Jaén
Urban Structure of Spanish Cities: Evolution and Transformation
The division of a town into areas with characteristic morphology and functions is a result of a long process of urbanization. The Spanish city today has a complex structure. In conventional cities, there are areas of old, corresponding to pre-industrial urbanization, the widening of the industrial era, and the current edge.
The Pre-Industrial City: The Old Town
The urbanized part of the city from its origin to the beginning of industrialization in the mid-nineteenth century has great cultural heritage
Read MoreSpanish Fishing Fleet: Regions, Species, and Techniques
(Item 5.4) In general, the Spanish fishing fleet has an inadequate and aging structure, to which the problem of fisheries is added. First, national fish stocks are in decline due to massive withdrawals to meet market demand. The other, even more serious problem is the restrictions on international fisheries. The blow that the 200-mile law brought to the Spanish fleet forced it to negotiate bilateral agreements to reduce catches and create a number of joint ventures with third countries.
Currently,
Read MoreAgrarian Change and Land Confiscation in 19th-Century Spain
The Process of Confiscation and Agrarian Change:
The lands of the nobility were linked so that they could not be sold or divided; they were integrated into the primogeniture. The Church owned large tracts of land; they might or might not be brought into cultivation or leased to farmers as needed. Municipalities also owned land. These were usually of two forms: common-use lands (called *common lands*) and *own land*, which were those leased by municipalities and individuals whose income covered the
Read MoreTransformation of Spanish Cities: 19th and 20th Centuries
Internal Reform and Enlargement of Historic Centers
Using the example of Haussmann’s Paris, Spain applied similar, albeit more modest, urban policies in the late 19th century. “Great Roads” began to be built to sanitize old quarters, improving accessibility and social control, and creating better housing or commercial premises. These large tracts had different goals in different cities, often moving old neighbors to peripheral sites, initiating a process of urban segregation. While different social
Read MoreIndia’s Independence Movement and Economic Sectors: A Historical Overview
Khilafat Movement
- While the Rowlatt Satyagraha was a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities and towns.
- Mahatma Gandhi felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India.
- He was certain that no such movement could be organized without bringing Hindus and Muslims closer together.
- The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. Rumors circulated that a harsh peace treaty would be imposed on the Ottoman Emperor, the spiritual head (Khalifa) of the Islamic world.