Spain’s National Health System: Structure and Financing
Since 2002, the National Health System (NHS) in Spain has been managed by the Autonomous Communities. These communities are responsible for healthcare within their territories. The transfer of health funding was integrated into the common funding of each community through taxes, as outlined in Law 21/2001.
These transfers represent the most significant structural reform in the history of Spanish healthcare. The Autonomous Communities now have a large measure of autonomy to legislate, organize, and
Read MoreSocial Hierarchy and Rural Life in The Holy Innocents
Historical Context and Time in The Holy Innocents
Historical Time
There is no specific date indicated in the text. However, in the second book, a reference allows us to determine the historical context. While mocking Nieves’ desire for communion, Master Ivan says, “The fault is not with them; the fault lies with the Council that is ruining their happiness.” This refers to the Second Vatican Council in Rome, which took place over three years (1962-65). Furthermore, the use of tractors, the massive
Read MoreAgrarian Structures, Livestock, and Industrial Enterprises
Agrarian Structure of Space
- Cultivated Space: Size, shape, and boundaries.
- Sparse Population: The population lives in houses in the field.
- Concentrated Population: The population lives in villages.
Agriculture: Agricultural Practices
A. According to Water Usage:
- Rainfed Farming
- Irrigated Farming
B. According to Cultivated Species:
- Monoculture Farming
- Polyculture Farming
C. According to Soil Usage:
- Intensive: High number, low productivity.
- Extensive: High and low productivity.
Agricultural Systems
A. Agriculture
Read MorePoverty and Homelessness in Spain: Analysis and Factors
Poverty in Spain: A Multifaceted Issue
D – Place of Residence: Rural, Semi-Urban, or Urban
The vast majority (82%) of those experiencing poverty reside in rural areas. These individuals often face higher rates of disease, disability, loneliness, and isolation. However, severe poverty is somewhat mitigated by pensions in these areas.
In contrast, the outskirts of large cities exhibit much higher levels of severe poverty, accompanied by serious issues such as alcoholism, drug abuse, violence, prostitution,
Read MoreRomanization of the Iberian Peninsula: Integration & Impact
Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula
The Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula was a process of dominance and military control that lasted from 218 BC to 19 BC, ultimately achieving the full integration of Hispanic territory into the Roman Empire. The Iberian Peninsula served as a crucial supply route for the Carthaginian army, prompting Rome’s decision to conquer it. The initial Roman military presence began in 218 BC under the command of Scipio. By 202 BC, the Romans had defeated the Carthaginians
Read MoreEU & Spanish Energy Legislation: Directives & Acts
EU Legislation on Energy
- Directive 96/92/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 December 1996 on common rules for the internal electricity market.
- Council Resolution of 18 December 1997 on a Community strategy to promote combined heat and power.
- White Paper of the European Commission for a Community Strategy and Community Plan of Action: Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy, COM (97) 599, 26 November 1997.
- Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of