Economic and Social Transformation: 1750–1870
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
- The political situation reconciled the interests of the landed aristocracy and the bourgeoisie.
- Population growth increased the demand for products and labor.
- Improvements in transport and communications boosted trade and favored the formation of an internal market.
- Abundant availability of energy and mineral resources favored British industrial development.
- Agricultural transformation supported population growth.
Technical Change and Labor Organization
- Technical changes
The Early Middle Ages: Rise of Medieval Europe and Charlemagne
The Early Middle Ages (600–1000 C.E.)
Setting the Scene: Europe After Rome
Waves of invaders swept across Europe starting around 600 C.E. Trade slowed to a trickle, towns emptied, and learning virtually ceased. Europe was a relatively backward region, largely cut off from advanced civilizations in the Middle East, China, and India. Slowly, though, a new European civilization would emerge that blended Greco-Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions. This era is known as medieval civilization.
Western
Read More39 Essential Destinations: Bolivia’s Natural Wonders and Cultural Sites
Bolivia’s Top 39 Travel Destinations and Natural Wonders
1. Isla del Sol (Island of the Sun)
- What: A sacred Inca island, central to Andean mythology.
- Where: Lake Titicaca, La Paz Department.
- When: Accessible all year; best visited during the dry season (May–October).
- How: By boat from Copacabana.
- Why: Believed to be the birthplace of the Sun (Inti) according to Inca legend.
2. Fuente de Samaipata (Samaipata Fountain)
- What: A sacred fountain located near the ancient ruins of El Fuerte de Samaipata.
- Where:
Global Economic Sectors: Industry, Energy, and Tourism
Tourism Sector
Tourism is the movement of people from their home to another destination for recreational purposes. A tourist is a person who travels and stays outside of their place of residence for more than 24 hours.
The tourism industry is formed by:
- Transport
- Hospitality industry
- Travel agents
- Banks and insurance companies
To become a tourist destination, a region needs to have a good transport infrastructure, political stability, and tourist attractions (such as natural parks and beaches).
Impacts
Read MoreRed Grouse Conservation and Upland Moorland Management
Grouse Shooting: Upland Income and Ecology
Grouse shooting is a significant source of income in the uplands, alongside deer stalking in the Highlands. Red Grouse inhabit moorland areas, though their numbers have been declining. Wider land management practices affect the UK’s moorlands, which constitute 75% of the total upland area. Before 1990, approximately 200,000 acres of heather moorland were lost.
Farming and Grazing Impacts
Upland farming primarily involves livestock (beef and sheep) breeding
Read MoreMedieval Transformation: Crisis, Society, and the Rise of Royal Power
Key Vocabulary of Medieval History
- Plowing (Tillage): Preparing land for the first time, bringing it into cultivation.
- Mendicant Order: A religious order that lived by begging in the cities, thus providing an example of a poor and austere life.
- Town Charter: A document granted by the king to the inhabitants of a locality, regulating distribution and living standards.
- Curia Regia (Royal Council): A political assembly that collaborated with the king in the tasks of government and administration.
- Pinnacle: