Titanium Dioxide: Properties, Applications, and Safety
Oxygen Sensors
Even in slightly reducing atmospheres, Titania tends to lose oxygen and become sub-stoichiometric. Thus, the material becomes a semiconductor, and the electrical resistance of the material can be correlated with the oxygen content of the atmosphere to which it is exposed.
Antimicrobial Coatings
The photocatalytic activity of titanium results in thin layers of material exhibiting self-cleaning and disinfecting properties under exposure to UV radiation. These properties make the material
MIG/MAG Welding: Principles, Parameters, and Equipment
MIG/MAG Welding Principles
MIG/MAG welding is a process where an arc is established between a continuous wire electrode and the workpiece. It is protected by an inert gas (MIG) or an active gas (MAG).
Process Types:
- Semiautomatic: Voltage, speed, intensity, and flow are pre-regulated. The torch is moved manually.
- Automatic: All parameters are pre-regulated, and the application is automatic.
- Automated: All parameters are programmed by a specific unit.
This welding type is used for low and medium carbon
Read MoreMasonry and Marble Work: Techniques and Installation
Masonry Walls
To achieve a perfect interweaving in masonry walls, the touchstone should be arranged or indented to decrease the size of large masonry piers. This involves careful arrangement of strings and executioners.
Marble Work and Construction Techniques
Marble work is related to stonework but differs in the material used. Marble is more luxurious than the stone used in masonry and can be polished. It is usually available in plaques for coating walls. This activity is more refined and delicate
Read MoreUnderstanding Linear, Volumetric Expansion, and Essential Hand Tools
Linear Expansion
Different substances exhibit varying degrees of expansion. Dilation specifies the change in length of a substance per degree Celsius (°C) of temperature change. Its units are (units of length) / (°C). It’s low in poor conductors of heat and high in good conductors of heat.
Formula:
(Lf – Lo) = (Tf – To) . Lo . h
Where:
- Lf = Final Length
- Lo = Original Length
- Tf = Final Temperature
- To = Original Temperature
- h = coefficient of linear expansion
Everything should be reduced to mm.
Formula 2:
Lf
Read MoreMaterial Science: Plastics, Textiles, Ceramics, and Stone
Material Science: An Overview
Plastics
Plastics are classified as:
- Thermoplastics: Obtained from oil-derived compounds, they soften when heated.
- Thermosets: Formed by chains linked strongly in different directions, they become rigid and can only be heated once.
- Elastomers: Obtained by vulcanization (invented by Charles Goodyear), they consist of chains attached laterally and folded back on themselves.
Plastic Co-formation Techniques
Common co-formation techniques used include:
- Extrusion: Thermoplastic material
Capacitors and Electric Current: Understanding the Basics
Capacitors
A capacitor is a device capable of storing electric energy.
Capacitance
Capacitance is a property associated with each capacitor and measures the storage capacity of the electric charge when a potential difference is applied to its plates. Capacitance depends on several factors: the distance between the conductors, the size of the conductors, the voltage between them, and the dielectric between the objects.
Dielectric
A dielectric is an insulating material placed between the plates of the
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