economic

[24/03, 11:37 am] HRITIK⚡: 1.2 CIRCULAR FLOW OF INCOME
The modern economy is a monetary economy, where money
is used in the process of exchange. The modern economy
performs economic activities such as production, exchange,
consumption and investment. In order to carry out these economic
activities people are involved in buying and selling of goods and
services. The transactions take place between different sectors of
the economy. The process of production and exchange generates
two kinds of flows.
1. Product

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ferf

Diversification is a risk management strategy that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. A diversified portfolio contains a mix of distinct asset types and investment vehicles in an attempt at limiting exposure to any single asset or risk. The rationale behind this technique is that a portfolio constructed of different kinds of assets will, on average, yield higher long-term returns and lower the risk of any individual holding or security. Stocks—shares or equity in a publicly

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business

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 5. FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND DECISIONS

5.1. Needs of Capital

Finance = Capital = Money

Main reasons why businesses need finance:

o To start up a business: the money needed to buy the

essential assets to start trading is the start-up capital

o To expand the business

o To increase working capital

• Working capital – money needed to pay day-to-day costs

There are 2 types of finance needs:

o Short-Term Finance Needs:

Finance needs to pay things that last less than a year,

(working

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Marketing 1

marketing – The activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. 

Deliver genuine value.

Discover the needs and wants of prospective customers and satisfy them.
exchange – the trade of things of value between a buyer and a seller so that each is better off after the trade
4 Factors of Marketing – (1) two or more parties (individuals or organizations) with unsatisfied

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economics

GOVERNMENT POLICY
Government as a producer:
Essential goods and services 
Merit goods
Public goods
Control monopolies
*Government as an employer:
Unemployment rate=(number of unemployed%labour force)x100
Full enployement: situation were most people have a job but there are enough people out of work to prevent wages from starting to rise at an increasing rate
people are happier, but at the same time there must be unemployed so wages don’trise a lot 
Dealing with unemployment:
Temporary: publicise job vacancies
Seasonal:
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economics

 -Pages 238 and 239

The size of firms

Measuring and comparing the size of firms

The size of firms can be measured in a number of ways and these also provide useful clues about the reasons why some firms grow into very large organizations while others remain small.

  • Measure 1, number of employees: Firms with less than 50 employees are often classed as small. However, not all large firms employ many hundreds or thousands of workers. Some large firms employ relatively few workers, instead, they use a lot

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