International Trade: Impact on Economic Development

International trade plays a significant role in economic development by:

  • Increasing efficiency: Trade can lead to more and better products, and more efficient investment spending.
  • Creating new economic opportunities: Countries can access goods and services that may not be available domestically, and middle-income countries can access the markets of rich countries.
  • Increasing competition: Trade can lead to more competitive pricing and cheaper products.
  • Improving the global economy: Large-scale trade
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Inventory Management and Environmental Responsibility in Business

Optimal Order Model: Wilson’s Model

Wilson’s model helps determine the optimal volume or quantity of an order to optimize the inventory management system.

This model is applicable provided that:

  • The company provisions batches of product (purchased from suppliers or made by the production department) of constant amounts, to be determined.
  • The demand for the product (total amount purchased from the supplier or manufactured in production) is constant and known throughout the entire management period.
  • The
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Financial Ratios and Analysis for Businesses

**Rotation of Total Assets**

RAT = VTAS / TOTAL ASSETS

= 3000/2000 = 1.5 times

Measures the ability to generate transactions (sales), given the total assets. A comparison between companies in the same sector may suggest an insufficient number of operations that should lead the company to increase its level of sales, dispose of some assets, or perform a combination of both.

**Reasons for Debt Management (Leverage)**

The extent to which a company uses debt financing, or its financial leverage, has three

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Financial Terms and Ratios: Definitions and Applications

Liquidity Definition

Liquidity refers to the immediate provision of financial and monetary funds to deal with all types of commitments. In credits, securities, or banking, liquidity means the property of being readily convertible into cash.

Profitability

A more precise definition of profitability is that it is an index that measures the relationship between earnings or profits and the investment or resources that were used to obtain them.

1. What is a Budget?

It is a plan to meet a target, expressed

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Understanding Annual Accounts: Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss

Understanding Annual Accounts

Accounting documents are mandatory for enterprises (except the cash flow statement in the case of SMEs). The documents that comprise the annual accounts are:

  • A. The balance sheet
  • B. The profit and loss account
  • C. The statement of changes in equity
  • D. The cash flow statement
  • E. Notes

These documents form a unit and should be drafted in accordance with the law. Their purpose is to present fairly the assets, financial condition, and results of the company.

Formulation of Annual

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Market Dynamics, Labor, Macroeconomics, and Public Sector

Market Rates and Competition Levels

Perfect competition: A large number of suppliers and demand, no company influences the price, the consumer benefits more.

Imperfect competition: Bidders have some pricing power.

  • Oligopoly: The number of bidders is small for a large number of applicants.
  • Monopoly: There is only one bidder and it has control over prices. It’s worse for consumers.

Features

Perfect competition: There are very few barriers to entry and exit. Each producer has a negligible portion of the

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