Fundamentals of Marketing: From Barter to Modern Consumerism
Mercadologia – Lesson 1
Presentation
- Professor’s introduction
- Course objectives and menu overview
- Student presentations
The Market: Key Characteristics
According to Economic Science, needs constantly increase while resources remain scarce.
- Even with sufficient resources, unmet demand for specific products/services leads to price increases (e.g., Brazilian telephony before privatization).
- Supply surplus or shortage indicates economic anomalies.
The Exchange System
The exchange system requires at least two
Read MoreInternational Trade: Benefits, Theories, and Barriers
International Trade Basics
When trade crosses national borders, it becomes international trade. Goods and services a country sells abroad are exports, and those that a country buys from other countries are imports. International trade is driven by several factors:
- Unequal distribution of natural resources: Some countries possess unique resources, making them exporters.
- Differences in consumer tastes: Trade can occur even between countries with similar production capabilities if consumer preferences
Understanding Value, Wages, Rent, Interest, and Profit in Economics
Subjective Theory of Value
The subjective theory of value, also known as the marginal theory, is based on idealism. It posits that individuals make personal or subjective decisions to maximize satisfaction, which is measured and assessed individually.
- Subjectivist utility refers to the ability of goods to satisfy human needs. Utility is linked to scarcity in determining an asset’s value.
- As an individual possesses more of a good, they assign it a lower utility (value).
- Law of diminishing returns: As
Environmental Self-Regulation, Audits, and Verification: A Business Perspective
PAC3. 2.1. Environmental Management Autoregulation
The unique relationship between public regulation and social self-regulation leads to autoregulation. Essentially, it’s a technique allowing governments to balance their power against society’s growing influence, while using societal arguments for legitimacy. This means acknowledging a public economic-environmental interest between public authorities and private companies, where the state doesn’t govern directly but relevant economic entities do.
Read MoreInternational Economics: Mercantilism, Trade, and Comparative Advantage
International Economics
Chapter 1: The World of International Economics
World trade in services
The main agreements and legislation on trade in services are seen in the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and then became the WTO (World Trade Organization) in 1995.
Gradual change in economic interdependence
The relative size of trade is measured in relation to exports compared to its gross domestic product. The increases in the ratio of exports/GDP indicate a very high percentage of the output
International Trade: Impact on Global Economy
**International Trade: Impact on Global Economy**
When trade crosses national borders, it becomes international trade. The goods and services a country sells abroad are exports, and those it buys from other countries are imports.
**Why Nations Trade**
- Unequal Distribution of Natural Resources: Some natural resources occur only in certain countries, making them unique exporters of these resources.
- Differences in Consumer Tastes: Even if two countries have very similar production methods, trade can be