Financial Configuration Settings and Processes
500 Standard Customizing setting
- BANK COMMUNICATION Payment medium format
- CENTRAL FINANCE The initial load
- EXPOSURE POSITIONS In the derivation strategy
- FX Analysis items
- HEDGED ITEM Hedge accounting rule
ACTUALS DIMENSION Only 1
- BANK RECONCILIATION Bank sub account
- COCKPIT Hedging Area
- EXPOSURE TYPE Corresponding business types
- FX Released FX hedge requests
- HEDGING AREA Risk Currencies
AFFILIATED GROU Emphasis
- BANK-INTERNAL Risk Analysis
- CODE COLUMN Repe Code column
- FI Serialization in AIF
- FX After cap raw expos
Standard Costing: Principles and Practices in Manufacturing
**Knowledge 1: Standard Cost**
Standard costs are predetermined costs that serve as a scientific basis for measuring actual performance. These standards for manufacturing costs are generally integrated formally into the cost accounts. When this happens, the systems are known as standard cost accounting systems. Standard costs are the opposite of actual costs. Actual costs are historical costs that are incurred in a prior period. The difference between the actual cost and standard cost is called a
Read MoreBusiness Environment, Strategies, and Market Analysis
Business Environment and Key Factors
The general environment reflects major trends in a company’s external reality. These factors are farthest from the company and often indirectly affect all companies. They include:
- Legal and Political: All that implies a position of power in our society at different levels.
- Social and Demographic: These are part of the social and cultural models, as well as aggregate demographic characteristics of a corporation.
- Technological: Stimulated by favorable economic consequences
Understanding Capital Gains and Losses in Taxation
Capital Gains and Losses
Extending the notion of income includes gains (capital gains) or losses (losses) obtained by transmitting a heritage item of the taxpayer.
Capital Gains and Losses: Questionable Cases
Capital Gains Totally or Partially Absent
Capital Gains Caused by Inflation
The taxpayer sells a part of their heritage, e.g., their home, and gets a price much higher than originally paid for it. The difference between the purchase prices and sales are assumed due to the inflation process that
Read MoreBusiness Strategy: Competition, Value Chain, and Growth
Intensity of Competition
(*) The intensity of competition is related to the degree of concentration or the number of competitors in a market. If the degree of concentration within the largest concentration of NIRA is high, there are fewer competitors, and the industry is more concentrated. Conversely, if there are more competitors in a market, it indicates that this market is more fragmented.
At the extremes, a market with zero competitors would be a monopoly, and perfect competition would involve
Read MoreUnderstanding Annual Accounts: Formation, Audit, and Publication
Expenses and Income
Expenses: Decreases in the net assets of a company during the year, whether in the form of outflows or reductions in asset values, or due to the recognition or increase in the value of liabilities, if not originating in distributions (monetary or otherwise) to the shareholders or owners in such conditions.
Income: Increases in the equity of a company during the year, whether in the form of inflows or increases in the value of assets, or decreases in liabilities, which do not originate
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