Effective Software Testing for Quality Assurance
Software Testing
Software testing is the process of evaluating a program to identify defects before it reaches end-users.
Test Objectives
- Uncover software flaws.
- A test is successful if a defect is found.
- A test fails if defects are present but not detected.
Test Types
- Verification Test: Checks if the software meets design specifications.
- Validation Test: Checks if the software fulfills analysis qualifications.
- Operational Test: Ensures the software operates correctly.
Test Characteristics
- Observability: The
Network Classification, Components, and Protocols
Network Classification
Definition
A network is a system of interconnected devices that can communicate and share resources. Its objective is to facilitate information and resource sharing, making data and programs accessible to any authorized user on the network, regardless of their physical location.
Network Extension
- LAN (Local Area Network): Typically spans a single building or smaller area, commonly used in offices and facilities.
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a larger geographic area,
Mastering Core OOP Concepts: Type Casting to Inheritance
What is type casting? Explain with suitable example.? 5 marks
Type casting refers to the process of converting a variable from one data type to another. It is commonly used in programming when the operations or functions involved require data of a specific type. Type casting can be done explicitly (manual casting) or implicitly (automatic conversion).
Types of Type Casting:
1.)Implicit Type Casting (Type Promotion): The compiler automatically converts a smaller data type to a larger data type to prevent
Read MoreComputer Input Devices: Keyboards and Mice
Keyboards
Overview
A keyboard is an input device with a set of keys. Each key, whether numeric or alphanumeric, generates a unique electrical signal when pressed. This signal is sent to the computer interface.
Keyboard Sections
Keyboards are typically divided into five sections:
- Main Keyboard: Contains alphanumeric characters.
- Navigation Keys: Includes arrow keys and other navigation buttons.
- Numeric Keypad: Contains number keys and arithmetic operators.
- Function Keys: Includes keys F1 through F12.
- System
Algorithm Design and Analysis: Greedy Methods, Divide & Conquer, and Recurrences
Greedy Method
The greedy method involves making locally optimal choices at each step, aiming for a globally optimal solution. It’s crucial to prove the correctness of a greedy algorithm.
Event Scheduling
Problem: Design an algorithm to select the maximum number of non-overlapping events, given n events with start and end times.
Greedy Choice: Pick the next available event with the earliest finish time.
Solution Format: List of events.
Constraints: No overlapping events.
Objective: Maximize the number of
Read MoreEssential Linux Commands: System Administration and Operations
Expand Support of Mandates
man command displays a manual on the mandate, its mode of use, and its variants.
System On and Off
shutdown -h 5: Shut down the system in 5 minutes without restarting.shutdown -h now: Shut down the system immediately without rebooting.halt: Shut down the system (same as previous commands).shutdown -r 5: Shut down the system in 5 minutes and restart.shutdown -r now: Shut down the system immediately and restart.reboot: Reboot the system.startx: Start the graphical environment.