Linux Operating System: Features and Evolution
Introduction to Operating Systems
An Operating System (OS) is a program (or set of programs) designed to facilitate computer use and ensure efficient operation. It acts as a control program, managing and allocating resources.
Evolution of Operating Systems
- Stage I (1943-1955): No operating systems existed. The programmer also assumed the operator’s role, manually inputting the program and receiving output via a printer. Assemblers were later introduced.
- Stage II (1956-1963): Introduction of intermediate
Computer System Security: Threats, Protection, and Access Control
Read MoreSafety and Security in Computer Systems
A computer system provides services to human users within a company or organization. Some types of services are:
- Management of information (e.g., financial transactions, personal files, etc.)
- Other activities (e.g., industrial processes, traffic control, etc.)
- Services built on apparatus (e.g., automobiles, robots, etc.)
Computer system resources are limited: There is an inherent cost to their utilization, which may be reflected in the form of tariffs or user charges.
Essential Python Installation and Programming Techniques
Practical No. 1
Aim:
Installation and configuration of Python.
Objective:
To successfully install Python on the system and configure the Python environment for development.
Procedure:
- Download Python:
- Visit the official Python website (https://www.python.org) and download the latest version suitable for your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).
- Install Python:
- Run the downloaded installer and follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.
- Ensure that you add Python to your system’s
Understanding the Banker’s Algorithm for Deadlock Avoidance
- Explain the use of Banker’s Algorithm for Deadlock Avoidance with Illustration.
Deadlock Avoidance and Banker’s Algorithm Deadlock can be avoided by allocating resources carefully.
- Carefully analyze each resource request to see if it can be safely granted.
- Need an algorithm that can always avoid deadlock by making the right choice all the time.
Banker’s Algorithm for Single Resource Deadlock
- A scheduling algorithm that can avoid deadlocks is due to Dijkstra (1965); it is known as the Banker’s
Understanding Database Systems and Their Architecture
DATABASE: A database is an interrelated data structure that is determined by criteria that tries to avoid unnecessary redundancy. The information stored can serve one or more applications. The storehouse is independent of the information, allowing the use of programs that permit adding, deleting, and retrieving information while modifying the database.
BENEFITS:
- Reduces redundancy to provide accurate information.
- Centralized control helps prevent inconsistencies.
- Ensures the security of information,
Optimize Windows XP for Enhanced Performance and Speed
Complete Optimization Techniques for Windows XP
1. Disable Unnecessary Services
Windows XP has many services running that can slow down the system, and many of them are not needed. Here is a list of services that can be disabled on virtually all machines:
- Alert Service
- Portfolio
- Computer Browser
- Tracking Client Distributed Link
- Support Fast User Switching
- Help and Support (do not touch if you use Windows regularly)
- Access to Human Interface Device
- Indexing Service
- IPSEC Services
- Messenger
- NetMeeting Remote Desktop