Cybersecurity Threats and Roles: A Comprehensive List

Cybersecurity Threats and Roles

Logic Bombs

Logic bombs are certain parts of code in programs that remain dormant, without performing any functions, until they are activated. At that point, the function they perform is not part of the original program, but generally, it is a harmful action.

Covert Channels

Covert channels (or hidden channels) are channels that allow a process to transfer information, violating the security policy of the system. In other words, a process transmits information to others

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Software Development Lifecycle and System Design Principles

Phases in the SDLC

  • Project Planning Phase
  • Analysis Phase
  • Design Phase
  • Implementation Phase
  • Support Phase

Modality

  • Relationships have a modality of either “required” or “optional”, which refers to whether an instance of an entity can exist without a related instance in the related entity.
  • Can we have a customer instance without a related custom drone order instance?
  • Can we have a customer drone order instance without a customer instance?
  • Modality indicates whether the relationship between an entity
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Flash Memory and Flip-Flops: Comprehensive Insights

What is Flash Memory?

(Asked in MDU BCA 2023, 2022, 2015, 2021, 2017)

Flash memory is a type of constantly powered, nonvolatile memory. This means that it stores information on a silicon chip in a way that does not need power to maintain the information in the chip. It can be erased and reprogrammed in units of memory called blocks. It is a variation of Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), which, unlike flash memory, is erased and rewritten at the byte level, which is slower

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C++ Classes, Objects, and OOP Principles

Class

A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines a set of attributes and methods that the objects created from the class will have. A class encapsulates data for the object and methods to manipulate that data.

Object

An object is an instance of a class. It represents a unique occurrence of the class, with its own set of attributes (variables) and methods (functions). Objects are created from classes, following the blueprint provided by the class.

Constructors in C++

In C++, constructors

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Algorithms and Programming: Essential Concepts

Algorithms: Definition and Characteristics

An algorithm is a finite and orderly sequence of unambiguous instructions that solves a given problem.

Characteristics of Algorithms

  • Each step should be perfectly defined.
  • Each step must be executed in a finite time.
  • There must be a set of initial data.
  • There must be a set of output data.

Loop or Cycle

A set of instructions that are repeated a finite number of times is associated with a portion of the instructions. A condition determines when the loop terminates.

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Media Production Terms: From Audio to Digital Art

Radio, Podcasting, and Broadcasting

Commissioning Brief: A document or presentation that sets out the commissioner’s vision and requirements for the program that is open to proposals from suppliers.

Bids: Cost-based proposals, typically based on detailed requirements from the broadcaster.

Cues: Words said by a DJ or presenter to introduce and link segments or music.

Dry Version: A pre-recorded item that includes only the spoken word, that is, no music or sound effects.

Breaking News: Events that are

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