Project Development: Stages, Processes, and Feasibility

What is a Project?

General Definition: A project is a design or purpose, a thought-out plan to achieve something.

Technical Definition: A project is a set of documents, calculations, and drawings that provide a comprehensive idea of what needs to be done and the estimated cost of a specific endeavor.

Project Stages

  • Inception: This stage involves conceptualization, defining the project’s value proposition, assessing opportunity costs, and determining pre-feasibility.
  • Execution: This stage encompasses
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Motivation, Management, Leadership, and Power Theories

Chapter 6: Motivation Theories

Motivation: The process responsible for the intensity, direction, and persistence of an individual’s efforts to achieve a goal.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  • Physiological
  • Safety
  • Social
  • Esteem
  • Self-realization

Theory X

Employees inherently dislike work, avoid it when possible, and need coercion, control, or threats of punishment. They avoid responsibilities and seek guidance.

Theory Y

Work is as natural as rest or play for employees. They are self-directed and self-controlled,

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Logistics, Business, and Language Practice

Logistics and Shipping Terms

  • Warehousing
  • Vendor
  • Custom
  • Management
  • To ship
  • Cargo
  • Means
  • Crane
  • Vessel
  • Consolidation
  • To collect
  • Damage
  • Handling
  • Chandler

Business Scenarios

Scenario II

  1. He asked if that investment would be really cost-effective.
  2. He said that the freight forwarder had recommended another means of transport.
  3. He announced that they were going to offer a discount.
  4. They told him to investigate that route.

Scenario IV

  1. We cannot deal with these businessmen whose offices are not in major cities.
  2. I like that workplace
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High-Growth Market Risks: Competitors, Shakeouts, and Resources

Risks in High-Growth Markets

There are several conditions to consider when evaluating if a high-growth market is truly as attractive as it seems. According to T. Proctor’s analysis, these include:

  • Competitor Saturation

    Whether the number of competitors serving the market is greater than can be sustained by the growth opportunity. Markets with the following conditions are likely to attract a surplus of competitors, leading to a subsequent shakeout:

    • High visibility and growth rate
    • Very high initial and
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EU’s Common Agricultural Policy and the 2008 Financial Crisis

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

CAP is probably one of the most discussed policies because of its implications for developing countries, and because it takes half of the European budget. Firstly, it’s about an integrated market for this kind of goods without barriers. Secondly, there is price support for the majority of agricultural products – we are subsidizing the production.

The Objectives of CAP

The objectives, set out in Article 39 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, are as

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Understanding Macroeconomics, EU Integration, and the Euro

Macroeconomic Equations

GDP = C + I + G + (NX) Y = C + I + G + (X – M)

Stotal = Y – C – G / S = I + NX (S = I + CA)

Y – T – C = private T – G = public

Key Financial Terms

Current Account: exports – imports

Financial Account: capital flows

Capital Account: movements of assets

Spot Rate: buy at the actual price

Forward Rate: expected future value

Future Rate: you decide the rate today

Optional Rate: premium

Monetary Policy and Exchange Rate Regimes

US: monetary independence and capital mobility

China: monetary

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