Plant Physiology Study Notes: Auxin, ABA, Tropisms, and Photosynthesis
Plant Hormones and Growth Responses
1. Auxin (IAA) Precursor
Auxin (IAA) is naturally synthesized from the precursor amino acid tryptophan. Synthetic versions such as NAA, IBA, and 2,4-D are classified as plant growth regulators rather than hormones, because they are not made by the plant.
2. Auxin and Cell Elongation
Auxin increases the concentration of \(H^{+}\) ions in primary cell walls, which activates enzymes that loosen cellulose fibers. Increased turgor pressure then causes the plasticized cell
Cell Transformation, Cell Culture Techniques & Biosafety Levels Explained
Essay Question: Elaborate on Any Three Methods to Convert Normal Cells into Cancer Cells
Essay question: Elaborate on any three methods to convert normal cells into cancer cells
1. Chemical Carcinogens
Forensic DNA Analysis and CRISPR Systems: Key Concepts
1) Chelex Extraction Steps
Apple Flavonoids Suppress Carcinogen-Induced DNA Damage
Apple Flavonoids Suppress Carcinogen-Induced DNA Damage in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
The work Apple Flavonoids Suppress Carcinogen-Induced DNA Damage in Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells explores the potential of flavonoids found in apple skins to reduce DNA damage in normal human bronchial epithelial cells induced by carcinogenic chemicals. Genomic instability is a key factor in cancer initiation and progression, so the selection of natural compounds that are able to improve DNA repair
Read MoreControlled Release Drug Delivery Systems and Design
Approaches to Design Controlled Release Formulations
These are the methods or processes by which we design Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (CRDDS):
- 1. Diffusion-controlled release
- 2. Dissolution-controlled release
- 3. Ion-exchange controlled release
1) Diffusion-Controlled Release System
Diffusion is the process of movement of drug molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration during absorption. For CRDDS, we can control the diffusion process by using polymers. Before polymer
Read MoreEssential Biotechnology Concepts and Applications
1) Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Technology & Insulin Preparation
Principle: rDNA technology involves joining DNA molecules from two different species and inserting the resulting hybrid DNA into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations or proteins. It works by isolating the target gene, inserting it into a carrier (vector), and letting the host cell’s machinery read the gene and make the protein.
Role: It allows for the mass production of therapeutic proteins, disease resistance in crops,
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